Public and Environmental Health Research Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK.
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2009 Apr;23(2):233-47. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2008.12.002. Epub 2009 Jan 25.
Ensuring that sexually active adolescents are using contraception consistently and correctly is an effective means of reducing unplanned pregnancy. Use of highly effective long-acting reversible methods, such as subdermal implants, is low. We need to challenge the perception that the pill and condoms, the most commonly used contraceptive methods, are always the most suitable methods for young people. Changes in adolescent sexual behaviour, including increased number of sexual partners, is consistent with a rise in sexually transmitted infections. No contraceptive methods, with the exception of male or female sterilisation, are contra-indicated solely on the grounds of age. Young people need to be counselled about both the benefits and risks associated with each method so that they can make an informed choice. Most of the clinical evidence on contraceptive use comes from studies of 'older' women, with little research identified that specifically addressed implications for adolescent contraceptive use.
确保有性行为的青少年持续且正确地使用避孕措施是减少意外怀孕的有效方法。长效可逆避孕方法（如皮下埋植剂）的使用率较低。我们需要挑战这样一种观念，即避孕药和避孕套是最常用的避孕方法，也是年轻人最适合的方法。青少年性行为的变化，包括性伴侣数量的增加，与性传播感染的增加是一致的。除了男性或女性绝育，没有任何避孕方法仅因年龄而被禁忌。年轻人需要就每种方法的相关益处和风险接受咨询，以便他们能够做出明智的选择。关于避孕措施的使用，大多数临床证据都来自对“较年长”女性的研究，很少有研究专门针对青少年避孕措施的使用提出建议。
