奥克兰9岁儿童牙釉质缺陷和龋齿的患病率。

Schluter Philip J, Kanagaratnam Sathananthan, Durward Callum S, Mahood Robyn

AUT University, School of Public Health & Psychosocial Studies, Auckland, New Zealand.

N Z Dent J. 2008 Dec;104(4):145-52.

OBJECTIVES

To report the prevalence and severity of enamel defects and dental caries in a probability-based sample of 9-year-old children in the Auckland region, both overall and by residence in fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas.

DESIGN

A two-stage clustered design with stratification. Strata were defined by fluoridated and non-fluoridated regions, school size, and school decile status.

SETTING

Invitations, consent forms and questionnaires were distributed to eligible participants at school for completion at home. Participants were examined at school-based clinics or in a mobile clinic. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS AND METHODS: The source population was 9-year-old children attending schools in the Auckland region and enrolled with the Auckland Regional School Dental Service. Participants returned a completed consent form and questionnaire by post and then had a dental examination. Regression analyses accommodating probability sampling weights, stratification and clustering were employed.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

The modified Developmental Defects of Enamel index was used to classify enamel defects in permanent teeth. Diagnosis of dental caries on deciduous and permanent teeth was visually-based.

RESULTS

Overall, 612 children participated, 310 in fluoridated and 302 in non-fluoridated areas. Diffuse opacities are prevalent inAuckland, with 28.0 per 100 children affected. Significant regional differences by fluoridation status were apparent, with diffuse opacity rates of 29.1 per 100 and 14.7 per 100 children in fluoridated and in non-fluoridated areas respectively (P<0.001). Conversely, the prevalence of deciduous teeth dental caries was significantly lower in fluoridated areas (54.9 per 100) than in non-fluoridated areas (62.0 per 100), P=0.05.

CONCLUSIONS

Diffuse opacities were the predominant tooth defect found in this study, but their prevalence appears largely unchanged from estimates reported within New Zealand over the last 25 years.

目的

报告奥克兰地区9岁儿童中基于概率抽样的样本中牙釉质缺陷和龋齿的患病率及严重程度，包括总体情况以及按居住在有氟化物地区和无氟化物地区进行分类。

设计

采用分层的两阶段整群设计。层由有氟化物和无氟化物地区、学校规模和学校十分位数状况定义。

背景

邀请函、同意书和问卷在学校分发给符合条件的参与者，让他们在家中完成。参与者在学校诊所或流动诊所接受检查。参与者/材料与方法：源人群为在奥克兰地区上学并在奥克兰地区学校牙科服务机构注册的9岁儿童。参与者通过邮寄返回填写完整的同意书和问卷，然后接受牙科检查。采用了考虑概率抽样权重、分层和聚类的回归分析。

主要观察指标

改良的牙釉质发育缺陷指数用于对恒牙中的牙釉质缺陷进行分类。乳牙和恒牙龋齿的诊断基于视觉检查。

结果

总体上，612名儿童参与，310名在有氟化物地区，302名在无氟化物地区。弥漫性浑浊在奥克兰很普遍，每100名儿童中有28.0名受影响。按氟化状态存在明显的地区差异，有氟化物地区每100名儿童中弥漫性浑浊率为29.1，无氟化物地区为每100名儿童中有14.7（P<0.001）。相反，有氟化物地区乳牙龋齿患病率（每100名中有54.9）显著低于无氟化物地区（每100名中有62.0），P=0.05。