Maeda Koki, Morioka Riki, Osada Takashi
Hokkaido Research Subteam for Waste Recycling System, National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 1 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, 062-8555, Japan.
J Environ Qual. 2009 Feb 6;38(2):598-606. doi: 10.2134/jeq2008.0083. Print 2009 Mar-Apr.
To control ammonia (NH(3)) volatilization from the dairy cattle (Bos taurus) manure composting process, a compost pile was covered with mature compost and the gas emissions evaluated using the dynamic chamber system. The peak of NH(3) volatilization observed immediately after piling up of the compost was reduced from 196 to 62 mg/m(3) by covering the compost pile with mature compost. The accumulation of NH(4)-N to the covered mature compost was also observed. Covering and mixing the compost with mature compost had no effect on the microbial community structure. However, over time the microbial community structure changed because of a decrease in easily degradable organic compounds in the compost piles. The availability of volatile fatty acids (VFA) was considered to be important for microbial community structure in the compost. After the VFA had disappeared, the NO(3)-N concentration increased and the cellulose degrading bacteria such as Cytophaga increased in number.
为控制奶牛粪便堆肥过程中氨（NH₃）的挥发，用腐熟堆肥覆盖堆肥堆，并使用动态箱系统评估气体排放。通过用腐熟堆肥覆盖堆肥堆，堆肥堆积后立即观察到的氨挥发峰值从196毫克/立方米降至62毫克/立方米。还观察到铵态氮在覆盖的腐熟堆肥中的积累。用腐熟堆肥覆盖并混合堆肥对微生物群落结构没有影响。然而，随着时间的推移，由于堆肥堆中易降解有机化合物的减少，微生物群落结构发生了变化。挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）的可用性被认为对堆肥中的微生物群落结构很重要。VFA消失后，硝态氮浓度增加，噬纤维菌等纤维素降解细菌数量增加。
