Yasuda Hiroshi
National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa, Anage-ku, Chiba, Japan.
J Radiat Res. 2009 Mar;50(2):89-96. doi: 10.1269/jrr.08105. Epub 2009 Feb 7.
The biggest concern about the health risk to astronauts is how large the stochastic effects (cancers and hereditary effects) of space radiation could be. The practical goal is to determine the "effective dose" precisely, which is difficult for each crew because of the complex transport processes of energetic secondary particles. The author and his colleagues thus attempted to measure an effective dose in space using a life-size human phantom torso in the STS-91 Shuttle-Mir mission, which flew at nearly the same orbit as that of the International Space Station (ISS). The effective dose for about 10-days flight was 4.1 mSv, which is about 90% of the dose equivalent (H) at the skin; the lowest H values were seen in deep, radiation-sensitive organs/tissues such as the bone marrow and colon. Succeeding measurements and model calculations show that the organ dose equivalents and effective dose in the low Earth orbit mission are highly consistent, despite the different dosimetry methodologies used to determine them.
对宇航员健康风险的最大担忧在于太空辐射的随机效应（癌症和遗传效应）可能有多大。实际目标是精确测定“有效剂量”，由于高能次级粒子的复杂传输过程，这对每位宇航员来说都很困难。因此，作者及其同事在STS - 91航天飞机与和平号空间站任务中，使用真人大小的人体模型躯干在与国际空间站（ISS）几乎相同的轨道飞行，试图测量太空中的有效剂量。约10天飞行的有效剂量为4.1毫希沃特，约为皮肤剂量当量（H）的90%；在诸如骨髓和结肠等深层、对辐射敏感的器官/组织中观察到最低的H值。后续的测量和模型计算表明，尽管用于确定它们的剂量测定方法不同，但低地球轨道任务中的器官剂量当量和有效剂量高度一致。
