Sandow Shaun L, Gzik Danusia J, Lee Robert M K W
Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
J Anat. 2009 Feb;214(2):258-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01020.x.
Internal elastic lamina (IEL) hole (fenestration) characteristics and myoendothelial gap junction (MEGJ) density were examined in selected resistance and conduit arteries of normal and diseased rat and mouse models, using conventional, ultrastructural and confocal microscopy methods. Selected vessels were those commonly used in functional studies: thoracic aorta, proximal and distal mesenteric, caudal, saphenous, middle-cerebral and caudal cerebellar artery. Rat and mouse strains and treatment groups examined were Dahl, Sprague Dawley, Wistar Kyoto, Wistar, spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), deoxycorticosterone (DOC) treated rat; and apolipoprotein E knockout, C57/BL6 and BALB/c mice. Vessel size (as IEL circumference), IEL hole and MEGJ density were quantified. In mesenteric arteries, the width of IEL holes and the percent of IEL occupied by holes were also determined. IEL hole density varied significantly within and between mesenteric artery beds, even among normotensive rat strains. Among the hypertensive rats (SHR and DOC), hole density in some vessels was higher in the normotensives than in the hypertensives within each strain, whereas in Dahl rats, hole density was similar between hypertensives and normotensives. Hole density was not correlated with the formation of intimal lesions in superior mesenteric artery. There was no positive general correlation between IEL hole and MEGJ density in resistance and conduit vessels. However, there was a positive correlation between the size of some resistance arteries and MEGJ density, although such a relationship did not hold for conduit vessels or during development, and there was no such relationship between vessel size and IEL hole density. Whilst IEL holes are obviously required for MEGJ communication, their presence is not an indication of contact-mediated communication, but rather may be related to the presence of sites for the low resistance passage of diffusion-mediated release of vasoactive endothelial and smooth muscle substances.
使用传统、超微结构和共聚焦显微镜方法，对正常和患病大鼠及小鼠模型的选定阻力动脉和传导动脉的内弹性膜（IEL）孔（窗孔）特征和肌内皮间隙连接（MEGJ）密度进行了检查。选定的血管是功能研究中常用的血管：胸主动脉、肠系膜近端和远端、尾动脉、隐静脉、大脑中动脉和小脑后下动脉。所检查的大鼠和小鼠品系及治疗组包括： Dahl大鼠、Sprague Dawley大鼠、Wistar Kyoto大鼠、Wistar大鼠、自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）、脱氧皮质酮（DOC）处理的大鼠；以及载脂蛋白E基因敲除小鼠、C57/BL6小鼠和BALB/c小鼠。对血管大小（以IEL周长表示）、IEL孔和MEGJ密度进行了量化。在肠系膜动脉中，还测定了IEL孔的宽度以及孔所占IEL的百分比。即使在正常血压大鼠品系中，肠系膜动脉床内和之间的IEL孔密度也有显著差异。在高血压大鼠（SHR和DOC）中，每个品系内一些血管的孔密度在正常血压大鼠中高于高血压大鼠，而在Dahl大鼠中，高血压大鼠和正常血压大鼠的孔密度相似。孔密度与肠系膜上动脉内膜病变的形成无关。在阻力血管和传导血管中，IEL孔与MEGJ密度之间没有普遍的正相关。然而，一些阻力动脉的大小与MEGJ密度之间存在正相关，尽管这种关系在传导血管或发育过程中不成立，并且血管大小与IEL孔密度之间没有这种关系。虽然MEGJ通讯显然需要IEL孔，但它们的存在并不表明存在接触介导的通讯，而可能与血管活性内皮和平滑肌物质扩散介导释放的低阻力通道部位的存在有关。
