Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, USA.
Anal Chem. 2009 Mar 15;81(6):2325-31. doi: 10.1021/ac8024619.
Microsphere-based ion optodes represent a promising and versatile tool to measure ionic activities in confined samples. The reported methods of micro- and nanosphere optode fabrication, however, suffer from various degrees of complexity. We propose a large-scale fabrication of polymeric ion-selective optodes using a solvent displacement method. Plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) along with the optode components was dissolved in a solvent miscible with water. Injection of a polymer solution into a stirred aqueous phase containing a surfactant causes spontaneous emulsification. This technique does not require additional preparation steps and allows one to control the composition of the sensor matrix precisely. Several factors affecting the particle size distribution are examined such as composition of continuous and disperse phases. The concentration of the polymer in the organic solvent and the choice of the solvent nature allowed us to control the particle size distribution within 200 nm-30 microm. The concentration and the nature of the surfactant had a little influence on the particle size distribution. We fabricated three different batches of ion-selective optodes using chromoionophore I, lipophilic ion-exchanger and sodium ionophore X, BME-44, and ETH 5234 for sodium, potassium, and calcium optodes, respectively. The sensors were fully functional with excellent selectivity to interfering ions.
基于微球的离子光导纤维代表了一种很有前途和多功能的工具，可以测量受限样品中的离子活度。然而，报道的微球和纳米球光导纤维制造方法存在不同程度的复杂性。我们提出了一种使用溶剂置换法大规模制备聚合物离子选择性光导纤维的方法。增塑聚氯乙烯与光导纤维组件一起溶解在与水混溶的溶剂中。将聚合物溶液注入含有表面活性剂的搅拌水相中会引起自发乳化。这种技术不需要额外的准备步骤，可以精确控制传感器基质的组成。研究了影响粒径分布的几个因素，如连续相和分散相的组成。聚合物在有机溶剂中的浓度和溶剂性质的选择使我们能够在 200nm-30μm 的范围内控制粒径分布。表面活性剂的浓度和性质对粒径分布的影响很小。我们使用显色离子载体 I、亲脂性离子交换剂和钠离子载体 X、BME-44 和 ETH 5234 分别为钠离子、钾离子和钙离子光导纤维制造了三批不同的离子选择性光导纤维。这些传感器具有出色的选择性，对干扰离子完全有效。
