Landau Mark E, Barner Kristen C
Neurology Department, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20307, USA.
Semin Neurol. 2009 Feb;29(1):66-73. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1124024. Epub 2009 Feb 12.
The vestibulocochlear or eighth cranial nerve (CN VIII) has purely special sensory afferent function. The nerve has two components, the vestibular nerve, that detects head and body motion, and the cochlear nerve that detects sound. The primary receptors that convey information to the vestibular portion of CN VIII are the semicircular canals that detect angular acceleration, and the otolithic organs that detect linear acceleration. The organ of Corti receives auditory signals and conveys its information via the cochlear portion. Processes that affect the receptors or the nerve will cause hearing loss, tinnitus, otalgia, vertigo, oscillopsia, and disequilibrium. In this review, the authors discuss the anatomy of CN VIII, the clinical evaluation of patients with vertigo and hearing loss, and specific disease entities.
前庭蜗神经或第八对脑神经（CN VIII）具有纯粹的特殊感觉传入功能。该神经有两个组成部分，即检测头部和身体运动的前庭神经，以及检测声音的蜗神经。将信息传递到CN VIII前庭部分的主要感受器是检测角加速度的半规管和检测线加速度的耳石器官。柯蒂氏器接收听觉信号并通过蜗神经部分传递信息。影响感受器或神经的病变会导致听力损失、耳鸣、耳痛、眩晕、视振荡和平衡失调。在这篇综述中，作者讨论了CN VIII的解剖结构、眩晕和听力损失患者的临床评估以及特定的疾病实体。
