Timper P, Wilson D M, Holbrook C C, Maw B W
J Nematol. 2004 Jun;36(2):167-70.
Damaged and developing kernels of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) are susceptible to colonization by fungi in the Aspergillus flavus group which, under certain conditions, produces aflatoxins prior to harvest. Our objective was to determine whether infection of peanut roots and pods by Meloidogyne arenaria increases aflatoxin contamination of the kernels when peanut is subjected to drought stress. The experiment was a completely randomized 2-x-2 factorial with 6 replicates/treatment. The treatment factors were nematodes (plus and minus M. arenaria) and fungus (plus and minus A. flavus inoculum). The experiment was conducted in 2001 and 2002 in microplots under an automatic rain-out shelter. In treatments where A. flavus inoculum was added, aflatoxin concentrations were high (> 1,000 ppb) and not affected by nematode infection; in treatments without added fungal inoculum, aflatoxin concentrations were greater (P </= 0.05) in kernels from nematode-infected plants (1,190 ppb) than in kernels from uninfected plants (79 ppb). There was also an increase in aflatoxin contamination of kernels with increasing pod galling (r(2) = 0.83 in 2001, r(2) = 0.43 in 2002; P </= 0.04). Colonization of kernels by A. flavus increased with increasing pod galling (r(2) = 0.18; P = 0.04) in 2001 but not in 2002. Root-knot nematodes may have a greater role in enhancing aflatoxin contamination of peanut when conditions are not optimal for growth and aflatoxin production by fungi in the A. flavus group.
受损和发育中的花生（Arachis hypogaea）籽粒易受黄曲霉群真菌的侵染，在某些条件下，这些真菌会在收获前产生黄曲霉毒素。我们的目标是确定当花生遭受干旱胁迫时，南方根结线虫对花生根和荚果的侵染是否会增加籽粒的黄曲霉毒素污染。该实验为完全随机的2×2析因设计，每个处理重复6次。处理因素为线虫（有和无南方根结线虫）和真菌（有和无黄曲霉接种物）。该实验于2001年和2002年在自动防雨棚下的微小区中进行。在添加黄曲霉接种物的处理中，黄曲霉毒素浓度很高（>1000 ppb），且不受线虫侵染的影响；在未添加真菌接种物的处理中，线虫感染植株的籽粒中黄曲霉毒素浓度（1190 ppb）高于未感染植株的籽粒（79 ppb），差异显著（P≤0.05）。随着荚果瘿瘤增加，籽粒的黄曲霉毒素污染也增加（2001年r² = 0.83，2002年r² = 0.43；P≤0.04）。2001年，随着荚果瘿瘤增加，黄曲霉对籽粒的侵染增加（r² = 0.18；P = 0.04），但2002年没有这种情况。当条件不利于黄曲霉群真菌生长和黄曲霉毒素产生时，根结线虫在增强花生黄曲霉毒素污染方面可能发挥更大作用。
