亚马逊雨林的干旱敏感性。

Drought sensitivity of the Amazon rainforest.

作者信息

Phillips Oliver L, Aragão Luiz E O C, Lewis Simon L, Fisher Joshua B, Lloyd Jon, López-González Gabriela, Malhi Yadvinder, Monteagudo Abel, Peacock Julie, Quesada Carlos A, van der Heijden Geertje, Almeida Samuel, Amaral Iêda, Arroyo Luzmila, Aymard Gerardo, Baker Tim R, Bánki Olaf, Blanc Lilian, Bonal Damien, Brando Paulo, Chave Jerome, de Oliveira Atila Cristina Alves, Cardozo Nallaret Dávila, Czimczik Claudia I, Feldpausch Ted R, Freitas Maria Aparecida, Gloor Emanuel, Higuchi Niro, Jiménez Eliana, Lloyd Gareth, Meir Patrick, Mendoza Casimiro, Morel Alexandra, Neill David A, Nepstad Daniel, Patiño Sandra, Peñuela Maria Cristina, Prieto Adriana, Ramírez Fredy, Schwarz Michael, Silva Javier, Silveira Marcos, Thomas Anne Sota, Steege Hans Ter, Stropp Juliana, Vásquez Rodolfo, Zelazowski Przemyslaw, Alvarez Dávila Esteban, Andelman Sandy, Andrade Ana, Chao Kuo-Jung, Erwin Terry, Di Fiore Anthony, Honorio C Eurídice, Keeling Helen, Killeen Tim J, Laurance William F, Peña Cruz Antonio, Pitman Nigel C A, Núñez Vargas Percy, Ramírez-Angulo Hirma, Rudas Agustín, Salamão Rafael, Silva Natalino, Terborgh John, Torres-Lezama Armando

机构信息

Ecology and Global Change, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.

出版信息

Science. 2009 Mar 6;323(5919):1344-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1164033.

DOI:10.1126/science.1164033

PMID:19265020

Abstract

Amazon forests are a key but poorly understood component of the global carbon cycle. If, as anticipated, they dry this century, they might accelerate climate change through carbon losses and changed surface energy balances. We used records from multiple long-term monitoring plots across Amazonia to assess forest responses to the intense 2005 drought, a possible analog of future events. Affected forest lost biomass, reversing a large long-term carbon sink, with the greatest impacts observed where the dry season was unusually intense. Relative to pre-2005 conditions, forest subjected to a 100-millimeter increase in water deficit lost 5.3 megagrams of aboveground biomass of carbon per hectare. The drought had a total biomass carbon impact of 1.2 to 1.6 petagrams (1.2 x 10(15) to 1.6 x 10(15) grams). Amazon forests therefore appear vulnerable to increasing moisture stress, with the potential for large carbon losses to exert feedback on climate change.

摘要

亚马逊森林是全球碳循环的关键组成部分，但人们对其了解甚少。如果如预期那样，它们在本世纪变得干燥，可能会通过碳损失和地表能量平衡的变化加速气候变化。我们利用亚马逊地区多个长期监测地块的记录，来评估森林对2005年严重干旱的反应，此次干旱可能是未来事件的一个类似情况。受影响的森林生物量减少，逆转了一个长期存在的巨大碳汇，在旱季异常严重的地区观察到的影响最为显著。相对于2005年之前的状况，水分亏缺增加100毫米的森林每公顷地上生物量碳损失5.3兆克。这场干旱对生物量碳的总影响为1.2至1.6拍克（1.2×10¹⁵至1.6×10¹⁵克）。因此，亚马逊森林似乎容易受到水分胁迫加剧的影响，有可能出现大量碳损失，从而对气候变化产生反馈作用。