Gatch Michael B, Rutledge Margaret A, Carbonaro Theresa, Forster Michael J
Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107-2699, USA.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2009 Jul;204(4):715-24. doi: 10.1007/s00213-009-1501-z. Epub 2009 Mar 14.
There has been increased recreational use of dimethyltryptamine (DMT), but little is known of its discriminative stimulus effects.
The present study assessed the similarity of the discriminative stimulus effects of DMT to other types of hallucinogens and to psychostimulants.
Rats were trained to discriminate DMT from saline. To test the similarity of DMT to known hallucinogens, the ability of (+)-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), (-)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM), (+)-methamphetamine, or (+/-)3,4-methylenedioxymethyl amphetamine (MDMA) to substitute in DMT-trained rats was tested. The ability of DMT to substitute in rats trained to discriminate each of these compounds was also tested. To assess the degree of similarity in discriminative stimulus effects, each of the compounds was tested for substitution in all of the other training groups.
LSD, DOM, and MDMA all fully substituted in DMT-trained rats, whereas DMT fully substituted only in DOM-trained rats. Full cross-substitution occurred between DMT and DOM, LSD and DOM, and (+)-methamphetamine and MDMA. MDMA fully substituted for (+)-methamphetamine, DOM, and DMT, but only partially for LSD. In MDMA-trained rats, LSD and (+)-methamphetamine fully substituted, whereas DMT and DOM did not fully substitute. No cross-substitution was evident between (+)-methamphetamine and DMT, LSD, or DOM.
DMT produces discriminative stimulus effects most similar to those of DOM, with some similarity to the discriminative stimulus effects of LSD and MDMA. Like DOM and LSD, DMT seems to produce predominately hallucinogenic-like discriminative stimulus effects and minimal psychostimulant effects, in contrast to MDMA which produced hallucinogen- and psychostimulant-like effects.
二甲基色胺（DMT）的娱乐性使用有所增加，但对其辨别刺激效应知之甚少。
本研究评估了DMT的辨别刺激效应与其他类型致幻剂和精神兴奋剂的相似性。
训练大鼠区分DMT和生理盐水。为了测试DMT与已知致幻剂的相似性，测试了（+）-麦角酸二乙酰胺（LSD）、（-）-2,5-二甲氧基-4-甲基苯丙胺（DOM）、（+）-甲基苯丙胺或（±）3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺（MDMA）在经DMT训练的大鼠中替代的能力。还测试了DMT在经训练区分这些化合物中每一种的大鼠中替代的能力。为了评估辨别刺激效应的相似程度，对所有其他训练组中的每一种化合物进行替代测试。
LSD、DOM和MDMA在经DMT训练的大鼠中均能完全替代，而DMT仅在经DOM训练的大鼠中能完全替代。DMT与DOM之间、LSD与DOM之间以及（+）-甲基苯丙胺与MDMA之间发生了完全交叉替代。MDMA能完全替代（+）-甲基苯丙胺、DOM和DMT，但仅部分替代LSD。在经MDMA训练的大鼠中，LSD和（+）-甲基苯丙胺能完全替代，而DMT和DOM不能完全替代。（+）-甲基苯丙胺与DMT、LSD或DOM之间没有明显的交叉替代。
DMT产生的辨别刺激效应与DOM最相似，与LSD和MDMA的辨别刺激效应有一定相似性。与DOM和LSD一样，DMT似乎主要产生致幻样辨别刺激效应，精神兴奋剂效应最小，而MDMA则产生致幻剂样和精神兴奋剂样效应。
