[Biventricular hypertrophic non-obstructive cardiomyopathy as a symptom of transient myeloproliferative disorder in a newborn with Down syndrome].

Down's syndrome is the most frequent autosomale chromosomal anomaly in newborns. In up to 10% of the cases these children develop a transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD). Clinical symptoms are blood count disorders and raised liver enzymes. 15% of these neonates suffer from hepatic disorders. Complications can lead to effusions, liver fibrosis and multiple organ failure. In 20-30% of these cases the children develop subsequently acute myeloid leukemia. We report about a male, term newborn [birth weight 2 810 g (P10), length 49 cm (P30), head circumferance 35 cm (P50), APGAR 7/8/10] with hydrops fetalis. In the follow-up examination a pericardial effusion and increasing biventricular hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were obvious. A chemotherapy with cytarabine was initiated for five days. In further examinations cardiac recovery was observed. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case report of a term newborn with TMD and biventricular hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.