Frisbie Seth H, Mitchell Erika J, Mastera Lawrence J, Maynard Donald M, Yusuf Ahmad Zaki, Siddiq Mohammad Yusuf, Ortega Richard, Dunn Richard K, Westerman David S, Bacquart Thomas, Sarkar Bibudhendra
Better Life Laboratories, Inc., East Calais, Vermont, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2009 Mar;117(3):410-6. doi: 10.1289/ehp.11886. Epub 2008 Oct 7.
More than 60,000,000 Bangladeshis are drinking water with unsafe concentrations of one or more elements.
Our aims in this study were to evaluate and improve the drinking water testing and treatment plans for western Bangladesh.
We sampled groundwater from four neighborhoods in western Bangladesh to determine the distributions of arsenic, boron, barium, chromium, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, antimony, selenium, uranium, and zinc, and to determine pH.
The percentages of tube wells that had concentrations exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) health-based drinking water guidelines were 78% for Mn, 48% for U, 33% for As, 1% for Pb, 1% for Ni, and 1% for Cr. Individual tube wells often had unsafe concentrations of both Mn and As or both Mn and U. They seldom had unsafe concentrations of both As and U.
These results suggest that the ongoing program of identifying safe drinking water supplies by testing every tube well for As only will not ensure safe concentrations of Mn, U, Pb, Ni, Cr, and possibly other elements. To maximize efficiency, drinking water testing in Bangladesh should be completed in three steps: 1) all tube wells must be sampled and tested for As; 2) if a sample meets the WHO guideline for As, then it should be retested for Mn and U; 3) if a sample meets the WHO guidelines for As, Mn, and U, then it should be retested for B, Ba, Cr, Mo, Ni, and Pb. All safe tube wells should be considered for use as public drinking water supplies.
超过6000万孟加拉国人饮用的水中含有一种或多种元素的不安全浓度。
我们在本研究中的目标是评估并改进孟加拉国西部的饮用水检测和处理计划。
我们从孟加拉国西部的四个社区采集了地下水样本，以确定砷、硼、钡、铬、铁、锰、钼、镍、铅、锑、硒、铀和锌的分布，并测定pH值。
管井中浓度超过世界卫生组织（WHO）基于健康的饮用水准则的百分比分别为：锰78%、铀48%、砷33%、铅1%、镍1%和铬1%。个别管井中锰和砷或锰和铀的浓度常常不安全。它们很少同时存在砷和铀的不安全浓度。
这些结果表明，目前仅通过检测每口管井的砷来确定安全饮用水供应的计划并不能确保锰、铀、铅、镍、铬以及可能的其他元素的浓度安全。为了最大限度地提高效率，孟加拉国的饮用水检测应分三步完成：1）必须对所有管井进行采样并检测砷；2）如果一个样本符合WHO的砷准则，那么应重新检测锰和铀；3）如果一个样本符合WHO的砷、锰和铀准则，那么应重新检测硼、钡、铬、钼、镍和铅。所有安全的管井都应考虑用作公共饮用水供应。
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