Martini Paolo, Maljkovic Vera
Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
Vision Res. 2009 Jun;49(13):1657-67. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2009.04.007. Epub 2009 Apr 11.
The present study is concerned with the effects of exposure time, repetition, spacing and lag on old/new recognition memory for generic visual scenes presented in a RSVP paradigm. Early memory studies with verbal material found that knowledge of total exposure time at study is sufficient to accurately predict memory performance at test (the Total Time Hypothesis), irrespective of number of repetitions, spacing or lag. However, other studies have disputed such simple dependence of memory strength on total study time, demonstrating super-additive facilitatory effects of spacing and lag, as well as inhibitory effects, such as the Ranschburg effect, Repetition Blindness and the Attentional Blink. In the experimental conditions of the present study we find no evidence of either facilitatory or inhibitory effects: recognition memory for pictures in RSVP supports the Total Time Hypothesis. The data are consistent with an Unequal-Variance Signal Detection Theory model of memory that assumes the average strength and the variance of the familiarity of pictures both increase with total study time. The main conclusion is that the growth of visual scene familiarity with temporal exposure and repetition is a stochastically independent process.
本研究关注在快速序列视觉呈现（RSVP）范式中呈现的一般视觉场景的暴露时间、重复次数、间隔时间和滞后时间对新旧识别记忆的影响。早期对言语材料的记忆研究发现，在学习时了解总的暴露时间足以准确预测测试时的记忆表现（总时间假说），而与重复次数、间隔时间或滞后时间无关。然而，其他研究对记忆强度如此简单地依赖于总的学习时间提出了质疑，证明了间隔时间和滞后时间的超加性促进作用，以及诸如兰施堡效应、重复盲视和注意瞬脱等抑制作用。在本研究的实验条件下，我们没有发现促进或抑制作用的证据：RSVP中图片的识别记忆支持总时间假说。这些数据与一个记忆的异方差信号检测理论模型一致，该模型假设图片熟悉度的平均强度和方差都随总的学习时间增加。主要结论是，视觉场景熟悉度随时间暴露和重复次数的增长是一个随机独立的过程。
