Awasthi S, Malik G K, Misra P K
Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical College, Lucknow.
Indian Pediatr. 1991 Mar;28(3):243-8.
The present study comprised 381 term babies weighing greater than 2.5 kg and 126 babies weighing less than or equal to 2.5 kg (low birth weight; LBW) at birth. A longitudinal follow up of 334 babies was done for 6 months. There were 273 'breast fed' babies and 234 'artificially fed' babies. Neonatal mortality rate per 1000 live births for term babies was 37.5, LBW had a rate of 31.5 while those weighing greater than 2.5 kg at birth a rate of 5.9; artificially fed had a mortality rate of 21.6 while breast fed had a low rate of 15.8. For 1-6 months period a mortality rate per 1000 live births of 53.8 was found for term babies, breast fed a rate of 23.9 while artificially fed a rate of 29.9; LBW had a rate of 44.9 while those weighing more than 2.5 kg at birth, a rate of 9. Low birth weight babies whether breast fed or artificially fed had significantly higher mortality than similarly fed babies weighing more than 2.5 kg at birth. Hence, mortality rate for term babies in early infancy can be reduced by simultaneous promotion of breastfeeding and prevention of low birth weight as it was dependent on both variables in this study.
本研究包括381名出生时体重超过2.5千克的足月儿和126名出生时体重小于或等于2.5千克（低出生体重；LBW）的婴儿。对334名婴儿进行了为期6个月的纵向随访。其中有273名“母乳喂养”婴儿和234名“人工喂养”婴儿。足月儿每1000例活产的新生儿死亡率为37.5，低出生体重儿为31.5，而出生时体重超过2.5千克的婴儿为5.9；人工喂养婴儿的死亡率为21.6，而母乳喂养婴儿的死亡率较低，为15.8。在1至6个月期间，足月儿每1000例活产的死亡率为53.8，母乳喂养婴儿为23.9，人工喂养婴儿为29.9；低出生体重儿为44.9，而出生时体重超过2.5千克的婴儿为9。低出生体重儿无论母乳喂养还是人工喂养，其死亡率均显著高于出生时体重超过2.5千克的同喂养方式婴儿。因此，在本研究中，由于早期婴儿期足月儿的死亡率取决于母乳喂养和低出生体重这两个变量，所以同时促进母乳喂养和预防低出生体重可降低足月儿的死亡率。
