Baird L G, O'Connell N E, McCoy M A, Keady T W J, Kilpatrick D J
Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Agriculture Branch, Hillsborough, BT26 6DR, United Kingdom.
J Dairy Sci. 2009 May;92(5):2174-82. doi: 10.3168/jds.2008-1333.
The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of Holstein-Friesian (HF) and Norwegian (N) dairy cattle genotypes on lameness parameters in dairy cattle within different production systems over the first 2 lactations. Following calving, HF (n = 39) and N (n = 45) heifers were allocated to 1 of 3 systems of production (high level of concentrate, low level of concentrate, and grass-based). High- and low-concentrate animals were continuously housed indoors on a rotational system so that they spent similar amounts of time on slatted and solid concrete floors. Animals on the grass treatment grazed from spring to autumn in both years of the study, so that most animals on this treatment grazed from around peak to late lactation. Claw health was recorded in both hind claws of each animal at 4 observation periods during each lactation as follows: 1) -8 to 70 d postcalving, 2) 71 to 150 d postcalving, 3) 151 to 225 d postcalving, and 4) 226 to 364 d postcalving. Sole lesions, heel erosion, axial wall deviation, sole length of the right lateral hind claw (claw length), right heel width, and right lateral hind heel height were recorded as well as the presence of digital dermatitis. The N cows had lower (better) white line and total lesion scores than HF cows. Cows on the high- and low-concentrate treatments had better sole and total lesion scores than cows on the grass treatment. The HF cows had better locomotion scores than N cows. Breed and production system differences were observed with respect to claw conformation, including claw length, heel width, and heel height. Digital dermatitis was associated with worse sole lesion scores and interacted with production system to influence white line lesion scores and maximum heel erosion scores. This study shows that genetic, environmental, and infectious factors are associated with hoof pathologies in dairy cows.
本研究的目的是评估荷斯坦-弗里生（HF）和挪威（N）奶牛基因型对不同生产系统中奶牛头两胎泌乳期跛行参数的影响。产犊后，HF（n = 39）和N（n = 45）小母牛被分配到3种生产系统之一（高精料水平、低精料水平和以草为基础）。高精料和低精料组动物在轮流饲养系统中持续圈养在室内，以便它们在板条地板和实心混凝土地板上花费的时间相似。在研究的两年中，草饲组动物从春季到秋季放牧，因此该组大多数动物从泌乳高峰期到泌乳后期都在放牧。在每个泌乳期的4个观察期记录每头动物两只后蹄的蹄健康状况，如下：1）产犊后-8至70天，2）产犊后71至150天，3）产犊后151至225天，4）产犊后226至364天。记录了蹄底病变、足跟侵蚀、蹄壁轴向偏差、右后外侧蹄（蹄长）的蹄底长度、右足跟宽度和右后外侧足跟高度以及是否存在指皮炎。N奶牛的白线和总病变评分低于（更好）HF奶牛。高精料和低精料处理组的奶牛比草饲组的奶牛有更好的蹄底和总病变评分。HF奶牛的运动评分比N奶牛好。在蹄的形态方面观察到品种和生产系统差异，包括蹄长、足跟宽度和足跟高度。指皮炎与更差的蹄底病变评分相关，并与生产系统相互作用影响白线病变评分和最大足跟侵蚀评分。本研究表明，遗传、环境和感染因素与奶牛蹄部疾病有关。
