Min B, Chen M-H, Green B W
US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Rice Research Unit, 1509 Aggie Dr., Beaumont, TX 77713, USA.
J Food Sci. 2009 Apr;74(3):C268-77. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01108.x.
Purple rice bran contains high amounts of natural antioxidants that consist of water- and lipid-soluble compounds. Hexane-insoluble and hexane-soluble fractions were separated from 100% methanolic extract from purple rice bran (RBE-HI and RBE-HS, respectively). Total anthocyanin, tannin, flavonoid, and phenolics contents were determined in those fractions, and their antioxidant capacities were evaluated by measuring 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capability, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and iron chelating capability (ICC). RBE-HI and RBE-HS were also added to restructured patties made from minced channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) belly flap meat. Lipid oxidation, color, and/or textural properties were determined for raw and cooked patties during a 12-d storage at 4 degrees C. All antioxidant indices, except for ICC, of RBE-HI were significantly higher than those of RBE-HS due probably to its higher anthocyanin content (P < 0.05). RBE-HS showed higher ICC (P < 0.05). However, both fractions showed similar antioxidant activity in raw and cooked patties during storage, resulting from the complexity of antioxidant action in food systems. Textural properties (hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and springiness) in cooked patties with RBE-HS and RBE-HI were well maintained during storage, but changed significantly in the control (P < 0.05). Only RBE-HS limited microbial growth in raw patties during storage (P < 0.05), but its inhibitory effect was marginal because of low-dose and physical interactions with the matrix. L* (lightness) and a* (redness) of raw and cooked patties decreased significantly by both fractions, whereas b* (yellowness) was significantly decreased by RBE-HI and increased by RBE-HS (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we suggest that purple rice bran extract is applicable to meat products as a natural preservative, but color change in the products may limit its application.
紫米糠含有大量由水溶性和脂溶性化合物组成的天然抗氧化剂。从紫米糠的100%甲醇提取物中分离出正己烷不溶物和正己烷可溶物部分(分别为RBE-HI和RBE-HS)。测定了这些部分中的总花青素、单宁、类黄酮和酚类物质含量,并通过测量1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(DPPH)自由基清除能力、氧自由基吸收能力(ORAC)和铁螯合能力(ICC)来评估它们的抗氧化能力。RBE-HI和RBE-HS也被添加到由斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)腹部皮瓣肉制成的重组肉饼中。在4℃下储存12天期间,测定生肉饼和熟肉饼的脂质氧化、颜色和/或质地特性。除ICC外,RBE-HI的所有抗氧化指标均显著高于RBE-HS,这可能是由于其花青素含量较高(P<0.05)。RBE-HS表现出较高的ICC(P<0.05)。然而,在储存期间,这两个部分在生肉饼和熟肉饼中均表现出相似的抗氧化活性,这是由于食品体系中抗氧化作用的复杂性所致。添加RBE-HS和RBE-HI的熟肉饼在储存期间的质地特性(硬度、内聚性、咀嚼性和弹性)得到了很好的保持,但对照组的质地特性发生了显著变化(P<0.05)。只有RBE-HS在储存期间限制了生肉饼中的微生物生长(P<0.05),但其抑制作用因剂量低且与基质存在物理相互作用而很微弱。两个部分均使生肉饼和熟肉饼的L*(明度)和a*(红色度)显著降低,而RBE-HI使b*(黄色度)显著降低,RBE-HS使其升高(P<0.05)。总之,我们认为紫米糠提取物可作为天然防腐剂应用于肉类产品,但产品中的颜色变化可能会限制其应用。