乳腺癌风险因素以及执业护士对乳腺癌风险评估的知识、应用和感知舒适度
Breast cancer risk elements and nurse practitioners' knowledge, use, and perceived comfort level of breast cancer risk assessment.
作者信息
Edwards Quannetta T, Maradiegue Ann, Seibert Diane, Saunders-Goldson Sherri, Humphreys Susanne
机构信息
California State University, Fullerton, College of Health & Human Services, Department of Nursing, P.O Box 6868, Fullerton, CA 92834-6868, USA.
出版信息
J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 2009 May;21(5):270-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2009.00405.x.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to describe nurse practitioners' (NPs') knowledge, use, and perceived comfort level in providing breast cancer risk assessment to women in clinical settings.
DATA SOURCES
This descriptive study was part of a needs assessment to determine if education and training programs on breast cancer risk assessment are warranted for NPs. A convenience sample of 147 NPs completed surveys to assess their knowledge of breast cancer risk assessment and use of empiric breast cancer risk assessment tools, and to evaluate their perceived comfort level in assessing women's risk for developing breast cancer.
CONCLUSIONS
Assessing women's risk for the development of breast cancer is important in providing primary and secondary preventive strategies such as chemoprevention, lifestyle changes, and enhanced surveillance that may reduce a woman's risk for developing the disease. Although 51.4% of NPs reported providing breast cancer risk assessment, few (37%) reported use of family history or the Gail model (6%) to determine their patients' breast cancer risk. NPs' knowledge of breast cancer risk assessment and use of empiric risk assessment models were low. The majority (71%) of NPs felt uncomfortable or a low level of comfort in conducting breast cancer risk assessment.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Excluding skin cancer, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer and second leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. Breast cancer risk assessment is important in identifying women who may be at high risk for developing the disease. At the front line in health care, NPs can play a vital role in assessing women's risk for breast cancer. These findings suggest that education and training may be warranted to enhance knowledge and use of empiric risk models to increase the comfort level of NPs in conducting breast cancer risk assessment to their patients.
目的
本研究旨在描述执业护士在临床环境中为女性提供乳腺癌风险评估时的知识、使用情况以及感知到的舒适度。
数据来源
这项描述性研究是需求评估的一部分，以确定是否有必要为执业护士开展关于乳腺癌风险评估的教育和培训项目。147名执业护士的便利样本完成了调查问卷，以评估她们对乳腺癌风险评估的知识、经验性乳腺癌风险评估工具的使用情况，并评估她们在评估女性患乳腺癌风险时的感知舒适度。
结论
评估女性患乳腺癌的风险对于提供一级和二级预防策略非常重要，如化学预防、生活方式改变和加强监测，这些措施可能会降低女性患该疾病的风险。尽管51.4%的执业护士报告提供了乳腺癌风险评估，但很少有人（37%）报告使用家族病史或盖尔模型（6%）来确定患者的乳腺癌风险。执业护士对乳腺癌风险评估的知识以及经验性风险评估模型的使用情况较低。大多数（71%）执业护士在进行乳腺癌风险评估时感到不舒服或舒适度较低。
对实践的启示
除皮肤癌外，乳腺癌是美国女性中癌症的主要病因和癌症死亡的第二大原因。乳腺癌风险评估对于识别可能患该疾病高风险的女性很重要。在医疗保健的第一线，执业护士在评估女性乳腺癌风险方面可以发挥至关重要的作用。这些发现表明，可能有必要进行教育和培训，以增强对经验性风险模型的知识和使用，提高执业护士在为患者进行乳腺癌风险评估时的舒适度。
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