Gonzalez Paula N, Bernal Valeria, Perez S Ivan
División Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
Forensic Sci Int. 2009 Aug 10;189(1-3):68-74. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.04.012. Epub 2009 May 12.
Sex estimation of skeletal remains is an important issue in both forensics and bioarchaeology. The chance of attaining a high level of accuracy regarding sex allocations is related to the skeletal component analyzed and the ability of the techniques employed to describe shape and size differences among the sexes. Current opinion regards the hip bone as the most reliable sex indicator because it is the most dimorphic bone, particularly in adult individuals. The aim of this study was therefore to analyze the greater sciatic notch and the ischiopubic complex morphology by employing geometric morphometric techniques, based on semilandmark and multivariate statistical methods, in order to develop a reliable and accurate technique for adult sex estimation. The sample analyzed consisted of 121 adult left hip bones randomly selected from the collection of documented skeletons housed at the Museu Antropologico de Coimbra. Morphometric analysis was based on coordinates of landmarks and semilandmarks of the ilium and ischiopubic regions that were digitized on 2D photographic images. Discriminant analysis with leave-one-out cross-validation and k-means clustering of shape and shape-size variables were used in order to classify individuals by sex. For the greater sciatic notch, average accuracy of 90.9% was achieved with both multivariate analyses based on shape variables. For the ischiopubic complex, the values obtained with shape variables were 93.4% and 90.1% for discriminant and k-means, respectively. Females were misclassified more frequently than males, especially for the ischiopubic complex. When multivariate statistical analyses were performed using shape-size variables, the percentages of correct classifications were lower than those obtained with shape variables. We conclude that the use of geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistics is a reliable method to quantify pelvic shape differences between the sexes and could be applied to discriminate between females and males.
骨骼遗骸的性别鉴定在法医学和生物考古学中都是一个重要问题。在性别分配方面达到高精度的可能性与所分析的骨骼成分以及所采用技术描述两性之间形状和大小差异的能力有关。目前的观点认为髋骨是最可靠的性别指标，因为它是两性差异最大的骨骼，尤其是在成年人中。因此，本研究的目的是运用基于半地标和多变量统计方法的几何形态测量技术，分析坐骨大切迹和耻骨坐骨复合体的形态，以开发一种可靠且准确的成人性别鉴定技术。所分析的样本包括从科英布拉人类学博物馆收藏的有记录骨骼中随机选取的121块成年左髋骨。形态测量分析基于在二维摄影图像上数字化的髂骨和耻骨坐骨区域的地标和半地标坐标。使用留一法交叉验证的判别分析以及形状和形状 - 大小变量的k均值聚类来按性别对个体进行分类。对于坐骨大切迹，基于形状变量的两种多变量分析均实现了90.9%的平均准确率。对于耻骨坐骨复合体，形状变量在判别分析和k均值聚类中分别得到的值为93.4%和90.1%。女性比男性更容易被误分类，尤其是对于耻骨坐骨复合体。当使用形状 - 大小变量进行多变量统计分析时，正确分类的百分比低于使用形状变量时获得的百分比。我们得出结论，使用几何形态测量学和多变量统计是量化两性骨盆形状差异的可靠方法，可用于区分女性和男性。
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