Effect of loading rate and oxygen supply on nitrification in a non-porous membrane biofilm reactor.

A nitrifying membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) was operated over 170 days, to assess the effect of ammonia loading rate under O(2)-excess conditions, and the effect of dissolved oxygen under O(2)-limiting conditions on nitrification efficiency. The MBfR was fed pure oxygen by diffusion through a non-porous membrane. Five different loading rates, ranging from 1.92 to 5.53 g N/m(2) d, were tested, yielding specific nitrification rates (SNR) ranging from 1.54 to 2.60 g N/m(2) d. SNR increased linearly with specific loading rate, up to the load of 3.5 g N/m(2) d, which indicated that mass transfer was linearly related to the bulk ammonia concentration. Beyond that load, substrate diffusion limitation inhibited further increase of SNR. When operating the system under limited oxygen supply conditions, 100% oxygen utilization was achievable. Maintenance of higher oxygen supply allowed a slightly higher SNR due to the growth of nitrifiers at the outer side of the biofilm (away from the membrane surface). Nitrification batch tests confirmed that the fraction of nitrifiers in the solids detached from the surface of the biofilm (and washed out with the effluent), was twice as high during oxygen-excess conditions when compared to oxygen-limiting conditions.