常量矿物质营养素的生理功能。

Physiological functions of mineral macronutrients.

作者信息

Maathuis Frans J M

机构信息

University of York, Biology Department Area 9, York, United Kingdom.

出版信息

Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2009 Jun;12(3):250-8. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2009.04.003. Epub 2009 May 25.

DOI:10.1016/j.pbi.2009.04.003

PMID:19473870

Abstract

Plants require calcium, magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and sulfur in relatively large amounts (>0.1% of dry mass) and each of these so-called macronutrients is essential for a plant to complete its life cycle. Normally, these minerals are taken up by plant roots from the soil solution in ionic form with the metals Ca(2+), Mg(2+) and K(+) present as free cations, P and S as their oxyanions phosphate (PO(4)(3-)) and sulfate (SO(4)(2-)) and N as anionic nitrate (NO(3)(-)) or cation ammonium (NH(4)(+)). Recently, important progress has been made in identifying transport and regulatory mechanisms for macronutrients and the mechanisms of uptake and distribution. These and the main physiological roles of each nutrient will be discussed.

摘要

植物需要相对大量（>干重的0.1%）的钙、镁、氮、磷、钾和硫，这些所谓的大量营养素中的每一种对于植物完成其生命周期都是必不可少的。通常，这些矿物质以离子形式被植物根系从土壤溶液中吸收，其中金属Ca(2+)、Mg(2+)和K(+)以游离阳离子形式存在，P和S以其含氧阴离子磷酸根（PO(4)(3-)）和硫酸根（SO(4)(2-)）形式存在，N以阴离子硝酸根（NO(3)(-)）或阳离子铵根（NH(4)(+)）形式存在。最近，在确定大量营养素的转运和调控机制以及吸收和分配机制方面取得了重要进展。将讨论这些机制以及每种营养素的主要生理作用。