Tickle Martin, Jones Clare, Buchannan Katie, Milsom Keith M, Blinkhorn Anthony S, Humphris Gerry M
Oral Health Unit, National Primary Care R&D Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Int J Paediatr Dent. 2009 Jul;19(4):225-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2009.00976.x. Epub 2009 Mar 30.
The development of dental anxiety in children is poorly understood.
The aims of this study were to measure changes in dental anxiety over time and to examine the relationship between anxiety, dental care, and other factors.
A prospective cohort study of children in the north-west of England followed from 5 to 9 years of age. The participants were clinically examined and their parents completed the same questionnaire at 5 and 9 years.
The majority (54.3%N = 38) of participants who were anxious at 5 years were no longer anxious at 9 years, but a large proportion of children who were anxious at 5 remained anxious at 9 years of age (45.7%N = 32). During the follow-up period, a larger proportion of children developed anxiety (11.7%N = 85) than the proportion of children who were reported as being anxious at baseline (8.8%N = 70). At 9 years of age, dental anxiety was significantly associated with girls; parental anxiety; a history of extraction; and irregular, asymptomatic dental visiting. These factors were also significantly associated with dental anxiety at 5 years old.
Dental anxiety was cumulative in the study population over time, and its development influenced by multiple variables. Results suggest that adverse conditioning and vicarious learning are both important in the development of this condition.
儿童牙科焦虑症的发展情况鲜为人知。
本研究的目的是测量牙科焦虑随时间的变化，并研究焦虑、牙科护理及其他因素之间的关系。
对英格兰西北部5至9岁儿童进行的一项前瞻性队列研究。对参与者进行临床检查，其父母在5岁和9岁时完成相同的问卷。
5岁时焦虑的参与者中，大多数（54.3%，N = 38）在9岁时不再焦虑，但5岁时焦虑的儿童中有很大一部分在9岁时仍焦虑（45.7%，N = 32）。在随访期间，出现焦虑的儿童比例（11.7%，N = 85）高于基线时报告焦虑的儿童比例（8.8%，N = 70）。9岁时，牙科焦虑与女孩、父母焦虑、拔牙史以及不定期、无症状的看牙显著相关。这些因素在5岁时也与牙科焦虑显著相关。
在研究人群中，牙科焦虑随时间累积，其发展受多种变量影响。结果表明，不良条件作用和替代性学习在这种情况的发展中都很重要。
