Egger Helen Link
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Developmental Epidemiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3454, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2009 Jul;18(3):559-80. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2009.02.004.
In this article, the author reviews the characteristics of developmentally appropriate criteria for the identification of early childhood mental health symptoms and disorders and the key components of a comprehensive, empirically based, psychiatric assessment of young children and their families. In the first section, the author discusses the infant/early childhood mental health field's perspectives on mental health and mental health problems in infants, toddlers, and preschoolers. The author then provides an overview of the objections to diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in young children and different approaches to the definition of early childhood psychopathology, including descriptive, dimensional, and categorical approaches. In the second section, the author describes the six essential components of a comprehensive mental health assessment of young children: (1) multiple sessions (2) multiple informants (3) a multidisciplinary approach (4) a multicultural perspective (5) multiple modes of assessment, and (6) a multiaxial diagnostic formulation and treatment plan. The author ends with a discussion of the challenges of diagnosing and assessing mental health symptoms and disorders in children younger than 2 years.
在本文中，作者回顾了用于识别幼儿心理健康症状和障碍的发育适宜性标准的特点，以及对幼儿及其家庭进行全面、基于实证的精神病学评估的关键组成部分。在第一部分，作者讨论了婴儿/幼儿心理健康领域对婴儿、学步儿童和学龄前儿童心理健康及心理健康问题的看法。作者接着概述了对幼儿精神疾病诊断的反对意见，以及幼儿精神病理学定义的不同方法，包括描述性、维度性和分类性方法。在第二部分，作者描述了对幼儿进行全面心理健康评估的六个基本组成部分：（1）多次会面；（2）多个信息提供者；（3）多学科方法；（4）多元文化视角；（5）多种评估方式；以及（6）多轴诊断公式和治疗计划。作者最后讨论了诊断和评估2岁以下儿童心理健康症状和障碍所面临的挑战。
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