戒烟急性及长期戒断期间β2-烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体的可用性
beta2-Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor availability during acute and prolonged abstinence from tobacco smoking.
作者信息
Cosgrove Kelly P, Batis Jeffery, Bois Frederic, Maciejewski Paul K, Esterlis Irina, Kloczynski Tracy, Stiklus Stephanie, Krishnan-Sarin Suchitra, O'Malley Stephanie, Perry Edward, Tamagnan Gilles, Seibyl John P, Staley Julie K
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 950 Campbell Ave, Mail Code 116A6, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
出版信息
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009 Jun;66(6):666-76. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.41.
CONTEXT
Available levels of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing the beta(2) subunit (beta(2)-nAChR) are higher in recently abstinent tobacco smokers compared with participants who never smoked. Variations in beta(2)-nAChR availability during the course of abstinence may be related to the urge to smoke, the extent of nicotine withdrawal, and successful abstinence.
OBJECTIVE
To examine changes in beta(2)-nAChR availability during acute and prolonged abstinence from tobacco smoking and to determine how changes in beta(2)-nAChR availability were related to clinical features of tobacco smoking.
DESIGN
Tobacco smokers participated in up to 4 iodide 123-labeled 5-iodo-A-85380 ([(123)I]5-IA) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans during abstinence at 1 day (n = 7) and 1 (n = 17), 2 (n = 7), 4 (n = 11), and 6 to 12 (n = 6) weeks. Age-matched nonsmokers participated in a single [(123)I]5-IA SPECT scan. All participants completed 1 magnetic resonance imaging study.
SETTING
Academic imaging center.
PARTICIPANTS
Tobacco smokers (n = 19) and an age-matched nonsmoker comparison group (n = 20). Main Outcome Measure The [(123)I]5-IA SPECT images were converted to distribution volume and were analyzed using regions of interest.
RESULTS
Compared with nonsmokers, beta(2)-nAChR availability in the striatum, cortex, and cerebellum of smokers was not different at 1 day of abstinence, was significantly higher at 1 week of abstinence, and was not different at 4 or at 6 to 12 weeks of abstinence. In smokers, beta(2)-nAChR availability was significantly lower in the cortex and cerebellum at 6 to 12 weeks compared with 1 week of abstinence. In addition, cerebellar beta(2)*-nAChR availability at 4 weeks of abstinence was positively correlated with craving on the day of the SPECT scan.
CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that higher beta(2)-nAChR availability persists up to 1 month of abstinence and normalizes to nonsmoker levels by 6 to 12 weeks of abstinence from tobacco smoking. These marked and persistent changes in beta(2)-nAChR availability may contribute to difficulties with tobacco cessation.
背景
与从不吸烟的参与者相比，近期戒烟的吸烟者中含有β2亚基的烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体（β2 * -nAChR）的可用水平更高。戒烟过程中β2 * -nAChR可用性的变化可能与吸烟冲动、尼古丁戒断程度和成功戒烟有关。
目的
研究急性和长期戒烟期间β2 * -nAChR可用性的变化，并确定β2 * -nAChR可用性的变化与吸烟临床特征的关系。
设计
吸烟者在戒烟第1天（n = 7）、1周（n = 17）、2周（n = 7）、4周（n = 11）和6至12周（n = 6）期间参与了多达4次碘123标记的5-碘-A-85380（[123I]5-IA）单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）扫描。年龄匹配的非吸烟者参与了一次[123I]5-IA SPECT扫描。所有参与者均完成了1次磁共振成像研究。
地点
学术成像中心。
参与者
吸烟者（n = 19）和年龄匹配的非吸烟者对照组（n = 20）。主要观察指标 将[123I]5-IA SPECT图像转换为分布容积，并使用感兴趣区域进行分析。
结果
与非吸烟者相比，吸烟者纹状体、皮质和小脑中β2 * -nAChR的可用性在戒烟第1天无差异，在戒烟1周时显著更高，在戒烟4周或6至12周时无差异。在吸烟者中，与戒烟1周相比，6至12周时皮质和小脑中β2 * -nAChR的可用性显著降低。此外，戒烟4周时小脑β2 * -nAChR的可用性与SPECT扫描当天的渴望呈正相关。
结论
这些数据表明，较高的β2 * -nAChR可用性在戒烟长达1个月时持续存在，并在戒烟6至12周时恢复到非吸烟者水平。β2 * -nAChR可用性的这些显著且持续的变化可能导致戒烟困难。
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