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群落规模和连通性的增加可以提高竞争群落的稳定性。

Increasing community size and connectance can increase stability in competitive communities.

作者信息

Fowler Mike S

机构信息

Integrative Ecology Unit, Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 65, Viikinkaari 1, Helsinki University, FIN-00014, Finland.

出版信息

J Theor Biol. 2009 May 21;258(2):179-88. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.01.010. Epub 2009 Jan 21.

Abstract

The relationship between community complexity and stability has been the subject of an enduring debate in ecology over the last 50 years. Results from early model communities showed that increased complexity is associated with decreased local stability. I demonstrate that increasing both the number of species in a community and the connectance between these species results in an increased probability of local stability in discrete-time competitive communities, when some species would show unstable dynamics in the absence of competition. This is shown analytically for a simple case and across a wider range of community sizes using simulations, where individual species have dynamics that can range from stable point equilibria to periodic or more complex. Increasing the number of competitive links in the community reduces per-capita growth rates through an increase in competitive feedback, stabilising oscillating dynamics. This result was robust to the introduction of a trade-off between competitive ability and intrinsic growth rate and changes in species interaction strengths. This throws new light on the discrepancy between the theoretical view that increased complexity reduces stability and the empirical view that more complex systems are more likely to be stable, giving one explanation for the relative lack of complex dynamics found in natural systems. I examine how these results relate to diversity-biomass stability relationships and show that an analytical solution derived in the region of stable equilibrium dynamics captures many features of the change in biomass fluctuations with community size in communities including species with oscillating dynamics.

摘要

在过去50年里,群落复杂性与稳定性之间的关系一直是生态学中持续争论的主题。早期模型群落的结果表明,复杂性增加与局部稳定性降低有关。我证明,当一些物种在没有竞争时会表现出不稳定动态时,增加群落中物种的数量以及这些物种之间的连通性会导致离散时间竞争群落中局部稳定性的概率增加。这在一个简单案例中通过分析得到证明,并使用模拟在更广泛的群落规模范围内进行了验证,其中单个物种的动态范围可以从稳定点平衡到周期性或更复杂的动态。增加群落中竞争联系的数量会通过增加竞争反馈来降低人均增长率,从而稳定振荡动态。这一结果对于引入竞争能力与内在增长率之间的权衡以及物种相互作用强度的变化具有鲁棒性。这为理论观点(即复杂性增加会降低稳定性)与实证观点(即更复杂的系统更有可能稳定)之间的差异提供了新的视角,为自然系统中相对缺乏复杂动态提供了一种解释。我研究了这些结果与多样性 - 生物量稳定性关系之间的联系,并表明在稳定平衡动态区域得出的解析解捕捉了包括具有振荡动态物种的群落中生物量波动随群落规模变化的许多特征。

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