Riccardi Giovanna, Pasca Maria Rosalia, Buroni Silvia
Department of Genetics & Microbiology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata, 1 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Future Microbiol. 2009 Jun;4(5):597-614. doi: 10.2217/fmb.09.20.
TB is still a global health problem. The selection and spread of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains represents a threat for global TB control. The reappearance of TB has driven an increased interest in understanding the mechanisms of drug action and drug resistance, which could provide a significant contribution in the development of new antimicrobials. In this article, the authors describe the mode of action and the resistance mechanisms of the principal first- and second-line antitubercular agents, namely isoniazid, ethionamide, ethambutol, D-cycloserine, rifamycins, fluoroquinolones, streptomycin, linezolid and pyrazinamide. A brief outline of the seven drugs in clinical development is reported, showing how the development of new TB drugs is still required.
结核病仍然是一个全球性的健康问题。耐多药和广泛耐药结核分枝杆菌菌株的出现和传播对全球结核病控制构成了威胁。结核病的再度出现激发了人们对了解药物作用机制和耐药机制的更大兴趣，这可能会对新型抗菌药物的开发做出重大贡献。在本文中，作者描述了主要一线和二线抗结核药物的作用方式和耐药机制，这些药物分别是异烟肼、乙硫异烟胺、乙胺丁醇、D-环丝氨酸、利福霉素、氟喹诺酮类、链霉素、利奈唑胺和吡嗪酰胺。本文还简要概述了七种处于临床开发阶段的药物，表明仍然需要开发新型结核病药物。
