Ferreira Felipe S, Brito Samuel V, Ribeiro Samuel C, Saraiva Antônio A F, Almeida Waltécio O, Alves Rômulo R N
Universidade Regional do Cariri, Departamento de Química Biológica, Crato, CE, Brazil.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2009 Jun 3;9:17. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-9-17.
Human communities consistently develop a detailed knowledge of the therapeutical and medicinal properties of the local flora and fauna, and these folk remedies often substitute medicines produced by the pharmaceutical industry. Animals (and their derived products) are essential ingredients in the preparation of many traditional remedies. The present work prepared an inventory of the animals sold in public markets in the cities of Crato and Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará State, Brazil.
Information was obtained through the use of semi-structured questionnaires in interviews held with 27 merchants of medicinal animals (18 in the municipality of Juazeiro do Norte [11 men and 7 women] and 9 people in the municipality of Crato [6 men and 3 women]). We calculated the Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) to determine the consensus over which species are effective for particular ailments, as well as the species Use Value (UV) to determine the extent of utilization of each species.
A total of 31 animal species, distributed among 21 families were identified as being used medicinally. The taxa most represented were: insects (8 species), mammals (7), fish (5), reptiles (5) and birds (4). The animals sold in these markets are used to treat a total of 24 ailments, with rheumatism, asthma, and inflammations having the largest numbers of citations. Three species not previously reported as having medicinal use were encountered: Leporinus steindachneri (utilized for treating cholesterol problems), Gryllus assimilis (utilized in treating urinary infections), and Phrynops tuberosus (used to treat asthma, rheumatism and bruises).
The composition of the local fauna, the popular culture, and commercial considerations are factors that maintain and drive the market for therapeutic animal products - and the lack of monitoring and regulation of this commerce is worrisome from a conservationist perspective. A detailed knowledge of the fauna utilized in alternative medicine is fundamental to the conservation and rational use of the Brazilian fauna.
人类社群始终会深入了解当地动植物的治疗和药用特性，这些民间疗法常常替代制药行业生产的药物。动物（及其衍生产品）是许多传统疗法制剂中的关键成分。本研究编制了巴西塞阿拉州克拉图市和北若泽里纽市公共市场上所售动物的清单。
通过与27名药用动物商人（北若泽里纽市18人[11名男性和7名女性]，克拉图市9人[6名男性和3名女性]）进行访谈，使用半结构化问卷获取信息。我们计算了信息提供者共识因子（ICF），以确定对哪些物种对特定疾病有效的共识，以及物种使用价值（UV），以确定每个物种的利用程度。
共识别出分布在21个科中的31种药用动物。代表性最强的分类群为：昆虫（8种）、哺乳动物（7种）、鱼类（5种）、爬行动物（5种）和鸟类（4种）。这些市场上出售的动物用于治疗总共24种疾病，其中风湿病、哮喘和炎症的提及次数最多。发现了三种此前未报告有药用价值的物种：施氏兔脂鲤（用于治疗胆固醇问题）、同型 Gryllus assimilis（用于治疗尿路感染）和结节蟾头龟（用于治疗哮喘、风湿病和瘀伤）。
当地动物群的组成、流行文化和商业考量是维持和推动治疗性动物产品市场的因素——从保护主义者的角度来看，这种商业活动缺乏监管令人担忧。详细了解替代医学中使用的动物群对于巴西动物群的保护和合理利用至关重要。
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