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胎粪中的乙基葡萄糖醛酸苷和硫酸乙酯用于评估孕期乙醇暴露:来自两个地中海队列的初步结果。

Ethylglucuronide and ethylsulfate in meconium to assess gestational ethanol exposure: preliminary results in two Mediterranean cohorts.

作者信息

Pichini Simona, Morini Luca, Marchei Emilia, Palmi Ilaria, Rotolo Maria Concetta, Vagnarelli Federica, Garcia-Algar Oscar, Vall Oriol, Zuccaro Piergiorgio

机构信息

1Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanitá, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy.

出版信息

Can J Clin Pharmacol. 2009 Summer;16(2):e370-5. Epub 2009 Jun 24.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

In recent years, fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) in meconium emerged as reliable, direct biological markers for establishing gestational ethanol exposure. Among the minor nonoxidative products of ethanol metabolism, there are ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS).

OBJECTIVES

The aim of the study was to analyse meconium specimens from two different Mediterranean cohorts to check for the presence of EtG and EtS, and to investigate the eventual correlation between meconium FAEEs and these two metabolites and their possible application as direct biomarkers of gestational ethanol exposure.

METHODS

FAEEs, EtG and EtS were quantified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in meconium samples obtained from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N= 96) and from the Pediatric Service of the Hospital del Mar in Barcelona, Spain (N=81).

RESULTS

EtG was present in more than 80% meconium samples while EtS only in 50% specimens Although the samples from Spain and Italy originated from similar socio-demographic cohort, EtG values in the Barcelona samples (median value: 101.5 ng/g) were statistically higher than those from Reggio Emilia ones (median value: 15.6 ng/g). In the Barcelona cohort, EtG values could differentiate between samples with FAEEs below and those equal or above 2 nmol/g - the cut-off used to differentiate heavy maternal ethanol consumption during pregnancy from occasional or no use.

CONCLUSION

For the first time the presence of EtG and EtS in meconium has been proven, with EtG concentration likely to discriminate heavy maternal ethanol consumption during pregnancy disclosed by FAEEs concentration in this matrix. Further investigations are needed to verify the use of these two ethanol metabolites as alternative biomarkers of chronic in utero exposure to ethanol.

摘要

背景

近年来,胎粪中的脂肪酸乙酯(FAEEs)成为确定孕期乙醇暴露的可靠直接生物学标志物。在乙醇代谢的次要非氧化产物中,有葡萄糖醛酸乙酯(EtG)和硫酸乙酯(EtS)。

目的

本研究旨在分析来自两个不同地中海队列的胎粪样本,以检测EtG和EtS的存在,并研究胎粪FAEEs与这两种代谢物之间的最终相关性,以及它们作为孕期乙醇暴露直接生物标志物的可能应用。

方法

采用液相色谱串联质谱法对从意大利雷焦艾米利亚圣玛利亚诺瓦综合医院新生儿重症监护病房(N = 96)和西班牙巴塞罗那海洋医院儿科服务部(N = 81)获得的胎粪样本中的FAEEs、EtG和EtS进行定量。

结果

超过80%的胎粪样本中存在EtG,而只有50%的样本中存在EtS。尽管来自西班牙和意大利的样本来自相似的社会人口队列,但巴塞罗那样本中的EtG值(中位数:101.5 ng/g)在统计学上高于雷焦艾米利亚样本中的EtG值(中位数:15.6 ng/g)。在巴塞罗那队列中,EtG值可以区分FAEEs低于2 nmol/g的样本和等于或高于2 nmol/g的样本——该临界值用于区分孕期母亲大量饮酒与偶尔饮酒或不饮酒。

结论

首次证实胎粪中存在EtG和EtS,EtG浓度可能通过该基质中FAEEs浓度来区分孕期母亲大量饮酒情况。需要进一步研究以验证这两种乙醇代谢物作为子宫内慢性乙醇暴露替代生物标志物的用途。

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