Lodolo D'Oria V, Bulgarini d'Elci G, Bonomi P, Della Torre Di Valsassina M, Fasano A Iossa, Giannella Valentina, Ferrari Maria, Waldis Francesca, Pecori Giraldi Francesca
Componente del Collegio Medico per l'Inabilità al Lavoro della ASL di Milano e responsabile del settore Scuola e Sanità della Fondazione Iard, Milano.
Med Lav. 2009 May-Jun;100(3):211-27.
Teachers are one of the so-called helping professions which are strongly exposed to the "Burnout syndrome". Nonetheless, public opinion is still convinced teachers enjoy a privileged status and physicians most often ignore psychiatric disorders following burnout due to teaching-related stress. Indeed, although France recently issued a suicide warning among teachers, and psychiatric diagnosis among this profession almost doubled in Japan in ten years, only few studies have been published on the subject in peer-reviewed journals.
The present study was carried out by administering a questionnaire to 1295 teachers from ten different Italian regions aimed at evaluating teachers' conditions as well as their perception of work-related health risks.
The outcome showed that teachers are mostly unaware of work-related health risks, they are discouraged by their employers, perceive union support as highly insufficient and feel under attack by the mass media as well as by the public. Further, any attempt by the head teacher to protect teacher's health--mandatory according to recent Italian legislation--is frequently misinterpreted as mobbing, due to the lack of appropriate legal knowledge. Interestingly, the study population believed that investigating the link between menopause and depressive disorders among teachers was extremely useful. In fact, over 82% of teachers are women with a median age of approximately 50. Social stress among women has in fact increased greatly given the triple role played by fifty-year-old teachers (mother of adolescents, care-giver for elderly parents and teacher). Lastly, general practitioners and psychiatrists need to be educated on psychiatric disorders due to teaching-related stress in order to achieve a correct diagnosis and treatment.
教师属于所谓的助人职业，极易患上“职业倦怠综合征”。然而，公众舆论仍认为教师享有特权地位，而医生往往忽视因教学压力导致职业倦怠后的精神障碍。事实上，尽管法国最近发布了教师自杀预警，且日本该职业的精神疾病诊断在十年内几乎翻了一番，但在同行评审期刊上发表的关于该主题的研究却寥寥无几。
本研究通过对来自意大利十个不同地区的1295名教师进行问卷调查，旨在评估教师的状况以及他们对与工作相关的健康风险的认知。
结果显示，教师大多未意识到与工作相关的健康风险，他们受到雇主的打击，认为工会支持严重不足，感觉受到大众媒体和公众的攻击。此外，根据意大利最近的立法，班主任保护教师健康的任何尝试——这是强制性的——由于缺乏适当的法律知识，经常被误解为职场暴力。有趣的是，研究人群认为调查教师更年期与抑郁症之间的联系非常有用。事实上，超过82%的教师为女性，中位年龄约为50岁。鉴于五十岁教师所扮演的三重角色（青少年的母亲、老年父母的照顾者和教师），女性的社会压力实际上大幅增加。最后，需要对全科医生和精神科医生进行关于因教学压力导致的精神障碍的培训，以便做出正确的诊断和治疗。
