Braig Henk R, Perotti M Alejandra
School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Wales, LL57 2UW, UK.
Exp Appl Acarol. 2009 Oct;49(1-2):45-84. doi: 10.1007/s10493-009-9287-6. Epub 2009 Jul 24.
Mites are involved in the decomposition of animal carcases and human corpses at every stage. From initial decay at the fresh stage until dry decomposition at the skeletal stage, a huge diversity of Acari, including members of the Mesostigmata, Prostigmata, Astigmata, Endeostigmata, Oribatida and Ixodida, are an integral part of the constantly changing food webs on, in and beneath the carrion. During the desiccation stage in wave 6 of Mégnin's system, mites can become the dominant fauna on the decomposing body. Under conditions unfavourable for the colonisation of insects, such as concealment, low temperature or mummification, mites might become the most important or even the only arthropods on a dead body. Some mite species will be represented by a few specimens, whereas others might build up in numbers to several million individuals. Astigmata are most prominent in numbers and Mesostigmata in diversity. More than 100 mite species and over 60 mite families were collected from animal carcases, and around 75 species and over 20 families from human corpses.
螨类在动物尸体和人类尸体分解的各个阶段都有参与。从新鲜阶段的初期腐烂到骨骼阶段的干燥分解,种类繁多的蜱螨亚纲动物,包括中气门亚目、前气门亚目、粉螨亚目、内气门亚目、甲螨亚目和蜱总科的成员,都是腐肉上、腐肉内和腐肉下不断变化的食物网中不可或缺的一部分。在梅尼系统的第6阶段干燥期,螨类可能成为分解尸体上的优势动物群。在不利于昆虫定殖的条件下,如隐蔽、低温或木乃伊化,螨类可能成为尸体上最重要甚至唯一的节肢动物。一些螨类物种仅有少数标本,而其他物种数量可能增至数百万只。粉螨亚目在数量上最为突出,中气门亚目在种类上最为多样。从动物尸体上收集到100多种螨类物种和60多个螨类科,从人类尸体上收集到约75种和20多个科。