Ikeda Kazutaka, Takamatsu Yukio, Hagino Yoko, Sora Ichiro
Division of Psychobiology, Tokyo Institute of Psychiatry, 2-1-8 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8585 Japan.
Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi. 2009 Jun;29(3):121-3.
Methylphenidate (MPH) is widely used for narcolepsy, a sleep disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD). Considering that MPH has stimulating and awakening actions, the mechanisms underlying the MPH effect on narcolepsy are easy to understand. On the other hand, the mechanisms underlying effects of MPH on AD/HD are largely unknown. While MPH induces hyperactivity in healthy humans, MPH reduces hyperactivity in AD/HD patients. The main target molecules of MPH are dopamine transporter and norepinephrine transporter. Interestingly, mice lacking dopamine transporter show AD/HD-like behaviors and MPH reactions like those in AD/HD patients. Analyses of mice lacking dopamine transporter may lead to a better understanding of the neuropsychological MPH effects.
哌甲酯（MPH）被广泛用于治疗发作性睡病（一种睡眠障碍）以及注意力缺陷多动障碍（AD/HD）。鉴于MPH具有刺激和唤醒作用，其对发作性睡病的作用机制很容易理解。另一方面，MPH对AD/HD的作用机制在很大程度上尚不清楚。虽然MPH会使健康人出现多动症状，但它却能减轻AD/HD患者的多动症状。MPH的主要靶分子是多巴胺转运体和去甲肾上腺素转运体。有趣的是，缺乏多巴胺转运体的小鼠表现出类似AD/HD患者的行为及MPH反应。对缺乏多巴胺转运体的小鼠进行分析，可能有助于更好地理解MPH对神经心理方面的影响。
