Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Epigenetics Group, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Hum Mol Genet. 2009 Nov 15;18(22):4255-67. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddp379. Epub 2009 Aug 14.
Imprinted genes are commonly clustered in domains across the mammalian genome, suggesting a degree of coregulation via long-range coordination of their monoallelic transcription. The distal end of mouse chromosome 7 (Chr 7) contains two clusters of imprinted genes within a approximately 1 Mb domain. This region is conserved on human 11p15.5 where it is implicated in the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. In both species, imprinted regulation requires two critical cis-acting imprinting centres, carrying different germline epigenetic marks and mediating imprinted expression in the proximal and distal sub-domains. The clusters are separated by a region containing the gene for tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) as well as a high density of short repeats and retrotransposons in the mouse. We have used the Cre-loxP recombination system in vivo to engineer an interstitial deletion of this approximately 280-kb intervening region previously proposed to participate in the imprinting mechanism or to act as a boundary between the two sub-domains. The deletion allele, Del(7AI), is silent with respect to epigenetic marking at the two flanking imprinting centres. Reciprocal inheritance of Del(7AI) demonstrates that the deleted region, which represents more than a quarter of the previously defined imprinted domain, is associated with intrauterine growth restriction in maternal heterozygotes. In homozygotes, the deficiency behaves as a Th null allele and can be rescued pharmacologically by bypassing the metabolic requirement for TH in utero. Our results show that the deleted interval is not required for normal imprinting on distal Chr 7 and uncover a new imprinted growth phenotype.
印迹基因通常在哺乳动物基因组的结构域中聚集,表明其单等位基因转录的长距离协调具有一定程度的共调控作用。小鼠染色体 7(Chr 7)的远端包含两个印迹基因簇,位于大约 1 Mb 的结构域内。该区域在人类 11p15.5 上保守,在那里它与 Beckwith-Wiedemann 综合征有关。在这两个物种中,印迹调控需要两个关键的顺式作用印迹中心,携带不同的生殖系表观遗传标记,并介导近端和远端亚结构域的印迹表达。簇之间被一个包含酪氨酸羟化酶(Th)基因的区域隔开,在小鼠中还含有高密度的短重复序列和反转录转座子。我们使用 Cre-loxP 重组系统在体内构建了这个大约 280kb 间隔区域的间质缺失,该区域先前被提议参与印迹机制或作为两个亚结构域之间的边界。缺失等位基因 Del(7AI)在两个侧翼印迹中心的表观遗传标记方面是沉默的。Del(7AI)的相互遗传表明,缺失区域代表了先前定义的印迹域的四分之一以上,与母体杂合子的宫内生长受限有关。在纯合子中,该缺陷表现为 Th 无效等位基因,并且可以通过在子宫内绕过 TH 的代谢需求来进行药理学挽救。我们的结果表明,缺失的间隔对于 Chr 7 远端的正常印迹不是必需的,并揭示了一种新的印迹生长表型。