Schönberger K, Grote V, von Kries R, Kalies H
Abteilung für Epidemiologie, Institut für Soziale Pädiatrie und Jugendmedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Heiglhofstr. 63, 81377, München.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2009 Nov;52(11):1045-51. doi: 10.1007/s00103-009-0958-6.
Because of low measles vaccine coverage rates, measles outbreaks have been observed several times during recent years in Germany. The aim of this study is to identify parents' attitudes and beliefs towards immunisations and socio-economic factors which are associated with delayed or missed first measles vaccination in young children. We used data from a representative German-wide immunisation survey on 2116 children born between 1 January 2002 and December 2004 by collecting precise vaccination information from vaccination cards. The influence of socio-economic determinants and parental attitudes towards immunisations on the timing of the first measles dose was analysed by using multivariable Cox regression. Of these children 46.8% (95% CI: 44.5-49.1) received their first measles dose according to the recommendations of the standing committee on vaccination (STIKO) by month 15. In multivariable analysis, fathers aged 28-33 years and birth order as well as parents' belief in homeopathy and other parental attitudes indicating lack of knowledge about the importance of vaccinations significantly influenced an early immunisation. Not general opposition, but insufficient parental knowledge about the harmfulness of measles infection seemed to be responsible for the low measles vaccination rates.
由于麻疹疫苗接种覆盖率较低，近年来德国多次出现麻疹疫情。本研究旨在确定父母对免疫接种的态度和信念，以及与幼儿首次麻疹疫苗接种延迟或错过相关的社会经济因素。我们使用了一项具有代表性的全德免疫调查的数据，该调查涉及2002年1月1日至2004年12月期间出生的2116名儿童，通过从疫苗接种卡中收集准确的疫苗接种信息来进行研究。通过多变量Cox回归分析社会经济决定因素和父母对免疫接种的态度对首次麻疹疫苗接种时间的影响。在这些儿童中，46.8%（95%置信区间：44.5 - 49.1）在15个月时按照疫苗接种常务委员会（STIKO）的建议接种了第一剂麻疹疫苗。在多变量分析中，年龄在28 - 33岁的父亲、出生顺序以及父母对顺势疗法的信念和其他表明对疫苗接种重要性缺乏了解的父母态度，对早期免疫接种有显著影响。麻疹疫苗接种率低的原因似乎不是普遍反对，而是父母对麻疹感染危害的了解不足。
