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松科植物地中海柏含有 AOX 基因亚家族 AOX1 和 AOX2。

The gymnosperm Pinus pinea contains both AOX gene subfamilies, AOX1 and AOX2.

机构信息

EU Marie Curie Chair, ICAAM, University of Evora, Portugal.

出版信息

Physiol Plant. 2009 Dec;137(4):566-77. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2009.01279.x. Epub 2009 Aug 24.

Abstract

The gymnosperm Pinus pinea L. (stone pine) is a typical Mediterranean pine used for nuts and timber production, and as an ornamental around the world. Pine genomes are large in comparison to other species. The hypothesis that retrotransposons, such as gymny, made a large contribution to this alteration in genome size was recently confirmed. However, P. pinea is unique in other various aspects. P. pinea demonstrates a different pattern of gymny organization than other Pinus subgenera. Additionally, P. pinea has a highly recalcitrant behaviour in relation to standard conifer protocols for the induction of somatic embryogenesis or rooting. Because such types of cell reprogramming can be explained as a reaction of plant cells to external stress, it is of special interest to study sequence peculiarities in stress-inducible genes, such as the alternative oxidase (AOX). This is the first report containing molecular evidence for the existence of AOX in gymnosperms at the genetic level. P. pinea AOXs were isolated by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach and three genes were identified. Two of the genes belong to the AOX1 subfamily and one belongs to the AOX2 subfamily. The existence of both AOX subfamilies in gymnosperms is reported here for the first time. This discovery supports the hypothesis that AOX1 and AOX2 subfamilies arose prior to the separation of gymnosperms and angiosperms, and indicates that the AOX2 is absent in monocots because of subsequent gene loss events. Polymorphic P. pinea AOX1 sequences from a selected genetic clone are presented indicating non-allelic, non-synonymous and synonymous translation products.

摘要

石松松 Pinus pinea L.(石松)是一种典型的地中海松,用于坚果和木材生产,并在世界各地作为观赏植物。与其他物种相比,松属植物的基因组较大。最近的研究证实了反转录转座子(如 gymny)对基因组大小改变的假说。然而,P. pinea 在其他方面也很独特。P. pinea 的 gymny 组织模式与其他 Pinus 亚属不同。此外,与标准的松柏类植物体细胞胚胎发生或生根的诱导协议相比,P. pinea 具有高度的抗逆性。由于这种类型的细胞重编程可以解释为植物细胞对外界压力的反应,因此研究应激诱导基因(如交替氧化酶 AOX)的序列特性特别有趣。这是第一个在遗传水平上报道 AOX 在裸子植物中存在的分子证据。通过聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法分离 P. pinea AOX,并鉴定了三个基因。其中两个基因属于 AOX1 亚家族,一个属于 AOX2 亚家族。首次报道了 AOX1 和 AOX2 亚家族在裸子植物中的存在。这一发现支持了 AOX1 和 AOX2 亚家族在裸子植物和被子植物分离之前就已经存在的假说,并表明 AOX2 在单子叶植物中缺失是由于随后的基因丢失事件。本文还介绍了来自选定遗传克隆的多态性 P. pinea AOX1 序列,表明存在非等位、非同义及同义翻译产物。

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