Afek Arnon, Friedman Tal, Kugel Chen, Barshack Iris, Lurie Doron J
Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
Isr Med Assoc J. 2009 Jul;11(7):389-92.
An autopsy was an important event in 17th century Holland. Autopsies were held in an 'anatomy theater' and performed according to a fixed protocol that often took up to 3 days to complete. Of the five group portraits painted by Rembrandt over the course of his career, two were anatomy lessons given by Dr. Tulp and Dr. Deyman. An examination of Rembrandt's painting Dr. Tulp's Anatomy Lesson (1632) and an X-ray image of the painting, as compared to other paintings of anatomy lessons from the same period, reveal interesting differences, such as positioning, and light and shadow. Not only was the autopsy not performed according to the usual protocol, but in this painting Rembrandt created a unique dramatic scene in his effort to tell a story. We suggest that Dr. Tulp and Rembrandt "modified" the painting of Dr. Tulp's anatomy lesson to emphasize Dr. Tulp's position as the greatest anatomist of his era--"Vesalius of Amsterdam," and as a way of demonstrating God's greatness by highlighting the hand as a symbol of the most glorious of God's creations.
解剖在17世纪的荷兰是一件大事。解剖在“解剖剧场”进行，按照固定程序进行，通常需要三天才能完成。在伦勃朗职业生涯中绘制的五幅群像画中，有两幅是图尔普博士和戴曼博士讲授的解剖学课程。将伦勃朗的画作《图尔普博士的解剖学课》（1632年）及其X光图像与同一时期其他解剖学课程的画作进行比较，会发现一些有趣的差异，比如人物位置、光影等。这幅画中的解剖不仅没有按照常规程序进行，而且伦勃朗在这幅画中创造了一个独特的戏剧性场景来讲述一个故事。我们认为，图尔普博士和伦勃朗对《图尔普博士的解剖学课》这幅画进行了“修改”，以强调图尔普博士作为他那个时代最伟大解剖学家——“阿姆斯特丹的维萨里”的地位，同时通过突出手作为上帝最荣耀创造的象征来展现上帝的伟大。
