Lagrèze W
Universitäts-Augenklinik Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, Freiburg.
Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2009 Nov;226(11):875-80. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1109728. Epub 2009 Nov 13.
Optic nerve diseases have various causes and are together with macular degeneration the most common causes of severe irreversible visual dysfunction. Apart from glaucoma, which will not be discussed in this review, the most common categories are inflammatory, ischaemic, compressive, toxic, hereditary, and neoplastic. They all share optic atrophy as a common end stage as well as the fact that treatment options are rather hampered, partially due to the fact that the molecular mechanisms of axonal loss are yet not understood well enough. This review covers most optic nerve diseases and places special emphasis on the use of corticosteroids in optic neuritis, ischaemic optic neuropathy and traumatic optic neuropathy.
视神经疾病病因多样，与黄斑变性共同构成严重不可逆视力障碍最常见的病因。除了本文不予讨论的青光眼外，最常见的类型包括炎症性、缺血性、压迫性、中毒性、遗传性和肿瘤性。它们都有视神经萎缩这一共同的终末期表现，而且治疗选择相当有限，部分原因是轴突丢失的分子机制尚未得到充分了解。本综述涵盖了大多数视神经疾病，并特别强调了皮质类固醇在视神经炎、缺血性视神经病变和外伤性视神经病变中的应用。
