Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576, Republic of Singapore.
Chemosphere. 2010 Feb;78(6):742-51. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.10.042.
The levels of a range of SVOCs (PAHs, OCPs, and PCBs) in atmospheric particulate and gaseous phases and rainwater samples were studied in Singapore from June 2007 to May 2008. Yearly average concentrations of PAHs, OCPs and PCBs in air (particle+gas) were 136.5 ng m(-3), 695.8 pg m(-3) and 27 pg m(-3), respectively while those of PAHs and OCPs in rainwater (particulate+dissolved) were 1218.1 and 114.2 ng L(-1), respectively. The lower molecular weight (LMW) PAHs were more abundant than those higher molecular weight (HMW) PAHs in rainwater. Among OCPs, HCHs were found in rainwater in relatively larger amounts than DDTs. Similar distributions patterns were also found in air samples. Statistical correlation analysis indicated that the atmospheric occurrence of SVOCs had positive correlation with ambient temperature except for particulate PAHs and negative correlations with relative humidity and wind speed; incoming solar radiation (SR) was negatively associated with PAHs, but there was almost no correlation between SR and the occurrence of OCPs and PCBs. ANOVA analysis revealed that the temporal variations were statistically significant for PAHs and PCBs in air samples and for OCPs in rainwater. In addition, local traffic emissions, trans-boundary transport of pesticides from regional sources and Aroclors 1248 and 1254 were identified as probable sources for PAHs, OCPs and PCBs in the atmosphere, respectively, based on molecular diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis (PCA) together with the assistance of air mass backward trajectories.
从 2007 年 6 月至 2008 年 5 月，在新加坡研究了大气颗粒物和气态相以及雨水样本中一系列 SVOC（多环芳烃、有机氯农药和多氯联苯）的水平。空气中（颗粒+气体）的 PAHs、OCPs 和 PCBs 的年平均浓度分别为 136.5ngm(-3)、695.8pgm(-3)和 27pgm(-3)，而雨水（颗粒+溶解）中的 PAHs 和 OCPs 浓度分别为 1218.1ngL(-1)和 114.2ngL(-1)。雨水中低分子量（LMW）PAHs 比高分子量（HMW）PAHs 更丰富。在有机氯农药中，HCHs 在雨水中的含量比 DDTs 多。在空气样本中也发现了类似的分布模式。统计相关性分析表明，SVOCs 在大气中的存在与环境温度呈正相关，除了颗粒物 PAHs 与相对湿度和风速呈负相关外；太阳辐射（SR）与 PAHs 呈负相关，但 SR 与 OCPs 和 PCBs 的出现几乎没有相关性。方差分析显示，空气中 PAHs 和 PCBs 以及雨水中 OCPs 的时间变化具有统计学意义。此外，根据分子诊断比和主成分分析（PCA）以及大气质量后向轨迹的帮助，确定了当地交通排放、区域来源的农药跨境传输以及 Aroclors 1248 和 1254 是大气中 PAHs、OCPs 和 PCBs 的可能来源。
