[Effects of selective left lower lobar blockade by Coopdech endobronchial blocker tube on intrapulmonary shunt and arterial oxygenation: a comparison with double-lumen endobronchial tube].

OBJECTIVE

To compare the differences in intrapulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt) and arterial oxygenation between selective left lower lobar blockade by Coopdech endobronchial blocker tubes (BB) and one lung ventilation (OLV) by left-sided double-lumen endobronchial tubes (DLT) in patients with normal pulmonary function.

METHODS

Thirty-six patients (aged 32-64 years) scheduled for lower esophageal surgery were allocated randomly into BB and DLT groups (n=18). Anesthesia was induced and maintained with Propofol by target controlled infusion with intravenous administration of sufentanil and cisatracurium if needed. A 35 to 39 French tube was placed in the DLT group, and an 8.0-mm (internal diameter) single-lumen endotracheal tube was used in the BB group where a 9 French Coopdech BB was advanced into the left lower lobar bronchus guided by a fiberoptic bronchoscope. The variables recorded were blood gas analysis data from the venous and arterial blood samples at 20 min after two-lung ventilation in supine position (T(1)), 20 min after initiation of one-lung ventilation or selective left lower lobar blockade by inflating BB balloons in the right lateral decubitus position (T(2)), total collapse of the left lung or the left lower lobe after the pleura was opened (T(3)), and before tracheal extubation (T(4)). Qs/Qt was calculated using a standard formula based on the three-compartment model. Upon pleura opening, the effectiveness of lung collapse was evaluated by the surgeon who performed the surgery. Chest radiograph and arterial blood gas analyses were performed the day after the operation.

RESULTS

Both of the groups were similar with regard to rank of the surgical exposure, pH, PaCO(2), hemoglobin from T(1) to T(4), Qs/Qt, PaO(2), PO(2), and oxygenation index at T1. In BB group, a significant reduction of Qs/Qt and greater improvements in PaO(2), PO(2), oxygenation index at T(2), T(3) and T(4) were observed in comparison with those in DLT group (P<0.05 or <0.01). No lobe collapse was observed postoperatively in BB group, but 2 patients in DLT group showed left lower lobe atelectasis. The patients in BB group showed better postoperative arterial oxygenation and shorter postoperative hospital stay (P<0.01).

CONCLUSION

Selective left lower lobar blockade by Coopdech endobronchial blocker tube during lower esophageal surgery provides a lower intraoperative intrapulmonary shunt and a better intra- and postoperative arterial oxygenation..