Hematology Department, Cellular Therapy Unit, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
Histol Histopathol. 2010 Jan;25(1):91-8. doi: 10.14670/HH-25.91.
Cellular therapy has emerged as a new potential tool for curing a wide range of degenerative diseases and tissue necrosis. Embryonic stem cells possess potential for differentiation into a wide range of cell lineages, but the ethical issues associated with establishment of this human cell line have to be resolved prior to any use. The bone marrow (BM) is the usual source of adult stem cells for hematopoietic stem cell transplants and cellular therapy, but the BM harvest is a surgical procedure that requires general anesthesia or sedation, and there seems to be a reduction of the proliferative potential and differentiation capacity of the marrow mesenchymal stem cells in older donors. For these reasons there is an increasing interest in other sources of stem cells from adult and fetal tissues. The amniotic membrane (AM) or amnion is a tissue of particular interest because its cells possess characteristics of stem cells with multipotent differentiation ability, and because of low immunogenicity and easy procurement from the placenta, which is a discarded tissue after parturition, thus avoiding the current controversies associated with the use of human embryonic stem cells. Therefore, amniotic membrane has been proposed as a good candidate to be used in cellular therapy and regenerative medicine.
细胞治疗已成为治愈多种退行性疾病和组织坏死的新的潜在工具。胚胎干细胞具有分化为多种细胞谱系的潜力，但在使用之前，必须解决与建立这种人类细胞系相关的伦理问题。骨髓（BM）是造血干细胞移植和细胞治疗中成人干细胞的常用来源，但 BM 采集是一种需要全身麻醉或镇静的手术程序，而且在年龄较大的供体中，骨髓间充质干细胞的增殖潜力和分化能力似乎有所降低。出于这些原因，人们对来自成人和胎儿组织的其他干细胞来源越来越感兴趣。羊膜（AM）或胎膜是一种特别引人关注的组织，因为其细胞具有干细胞的特性，具有多能分化能力，而且免疫原性低，易于从胎盘获取，胎盘是分娩后废弃的组织，因此避免了与使用人类胚胎干细胞相关的当前争议。因此，羊膜已被提议作为细胞治疗和再生医学的良好候选物。
