Reid S, Van Niekerk A A
School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Int J STD AIDS. 2009 Dec;20(12):816-9. doi: 10.1258/ijsa.2009.009230.
The sexualization of the HIV epidemic in South Africa has been used as evidence that unsafe medical injections are of minimal importance to transmission in Africa, because the country was thought to be free of unsafe injection risks. More recent observation reveals routine failures in infection control in South African maternity and paediatric wards and in public dental clinics. In one province at least one medical injection in five is administered with a used needle or syringe. Over 25% of new HIV infections identified in South African adults using the BED IgG capture enzyme immunoassay in 2005 were in individuals reporting they had not been sexually active in the past 12 months. Immunization injections received at public health facilities are associated with HIV infections in children, many of whom may have passed HIV to their mothers during breastfeeding. South Africa is one of few countries in sub-Saharan Africa not using auto-disable (non-reusable) syringes for all immunizations. Using resource scarcity as justification for needle reuse is ethically indefensible, as injection safety is a readily achievable goal.
南非艾滋病流行的性化被用作证据，表明不安全的医疗注射对非洲传播的重要性微乎其微，因为该国被认为不存在不安全注射风险。最近的观察发现，南非妇产科和儿科病房以及公共牙科诊所的感染控制经常失败。在一个省份，至少五分之一的医疗注射使用的是用过的针头或注射器。2005年在南非成年人中使用BED IgG捕获酶免疫测定法确定的新感染艾滋病毒者中，超过25%是那些报告在过去12个月内没有性活动的人。在公共卫生机构接受的免疫注射与儿童感染艾滋病毒有关，其中许多儿童可能在母乳喂养期间将艾滋病毒传给了母亲。南非是撒哈拉以南非洲少数几个并非对所有免疫接种都使用自毁式（不可重复使用）注射器的国家之一。以资源稀缺为由重复使用针头在伦理上是站不住脚的，因为注射安全是一个很容易实现的目标。
