Stott Katharine
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK.
Int J Health Plann Manage. 2009 Oct;24 Suppl 1:S52-72. doi: 10.1002/hpm.1022.
Research into the psychosocial needs of children formerly associated with armed forces (CAAF) has aroused much interest in the past 60 years. Despite this, much debate remains surrounding how to optimally address these issues. The overwhelming stance of modern authors is that intervention must move away from the former focus on purely psychological intervention, to encompass broader social and cultural issues in addition. Hosted by Save the Children UK (SCUK), this qualitative research explores the perceptions of former CAAF, their communities and local SCUK staff of the psychosocial needs of former CAAF. Semi-structured interviews and focussed group discussions were conducted with 62 former CAAF (29 boys, 33 girls), 21 community members and 7 staff members of SCUK or its partner organizations in Beni and Lubero territories of North Kivu province, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Findings are presented and were analysed within a conceptual framework proposed by the Psychosocial Working Group. It was found that whilst the social needs of former CAAF and their communities are great, psychological challenges are prevalent and serious; moreover these psychological challenges impact the social integration of former CAAF. In addition, the needs of female former CAAF should be addressed differently to those of males, due primarily to the children most of the girls have conceived during their time with armed groups. The current movement of psychosocial theory from a psychological to a social focus is reflective of an attempt to address developmental concerns at the neglect of humanitarian needs. In consequence, former CAAF are being offered substandard assistance which fails to optimize their chances for successful civilian reintegration.
在过去60年里，对曾与武装部队有关联儿童（CAAF）的心理社会需求的研究引发了诸多关注。尽管如此，围绕如何最佳地解决这些问题仍存在诸多争议。现代作者的压倒性立场是，干预必须从前专注于纯粹的心理干预，转变为还包括更广泛的社会和文化问题。由英国救助儿童会（SCUK）主办，这项定性研究探讨了曾与武装部队有关联儿童、他们的社区以及当地SCUK工作人员对曾与武装部队有关联儿童心理社会需求的看法。在刚果民主共和国东部北基伍省贝尼和卢贝罗地区，对62名曾与武装部队有关联儿童（29名男孩、33名女孩）、21名社区成员以及SCUK或其合作伙伴组织的7名工作人员进行了半结构化访谈和焦点小组讨论。研究结果在心理社会工作组提出的概念框架内进行了呈现和分析。研究发现，虽然曾与武装部队有关联儿童及其社区的社会需求很大，但心理挑战普遍且严重；此外，这些心理挑战影响了曾与武装部队有关联儿童的社会融入。此外，女性曾与武装部队有关联儿童的需求应与男性的需求区别对待，主要原因是大多数女孩在与武装团体相处期间怀孕生子。当前心理社会理论从心理焦点转向社会焦点的趋势反映出一种忽视人道主义需求而试图解决发展问题的尝试。因此，曾与武装部队有关联儿童得到的援助不合格，无法优化他们成功融入平民生活的机会。
