Yale University, Department of Psychology, Box 208205, New Haven, CT 06520-8205, USA.
Behav Res Ther. 2010 Apr;48(4):335-40. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.009. Epub 2009 Nov 24.
The selective recall of positive memories is thought to be an effective mood repair technique, but little research has examined individual differences in the motivation or ability to implement this strategy. This study examined factors considered likely to impact valenced memory recall: dysphoria and emotion regulation strategies (i.e., cognitive reappraisal and suppression). Dysphoria was related to memory negativity but not positivity, whereas cognitive reappraisal was associated with positivity but not negativity. Suppression was not reliably related to the valence of self-reported memories, but was associated with increased accessibility of negative memories, as indicated by a response time measure. Our results indicate a relationship between cognitive reappraisal and more positive memory and suggest that the experience of dysphoria is more strongly related to negativity than positivity of memory. Our findings highlight the utility of examining emotion regulatory variables, in addition to mood, in the study of valenced memory recall, and underscore the importance of including both behavioral and self-report memory measures.
选择性地回忆积极的记忆被认为是一种有效的情绪修复技巧，但很少有研究探讨个体在实施这种策略的动机或能力上的差异。本研究考察了可能影响情绪记忆回忆的因素：抑郁和情绪调节策略（即认知重评和抑制）。抑郁与记忆的负面性有关，但与正面性无关，而认知重评与正面性有关，但与负面性无关。抑制与自我报告记忆的正性或负性均无可靠关系，但与负性记忆的可及性增加有关，这可以通过反应时间来衡量。我们的研究结果表明，认知重评与更积极的记忆有关，并表明与记忆的正性相比，抑郁体验与记忆的负性的关系更强。我们的研究结果强调了除了情绪之外，还需要检查情绪调节变量在情绪记忆回忆中的作用，并且突出了同时使用行为和自我报告记忆测量的重要性。
