Gocmen Julide Sedef, Buyukkocak Unase, Caglayan Osman
Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Kirikkale University, 71100 Kirikkale, Turkey.
Clin Invest Med. 2009 Dec 1;32(6):E232. doi: 10.25011/cim.v32i6.10657.
In vitro antibacterial activity of topical and systemic antihistaminic preparations containing different active substrates against the standard strains of two bacteria was evaluated.
Four topical and 3 systemic preparations containing pheniramine maleate, chlorophenoxamine hydrochloride, and diphenhydramine hydrochloride were studied. The antibacterial activities of these preparations against strains of S. aureus (American Type Culture Collection, ATCC 29213) and S. epidermidis (ATCC 25212) were tested using the disc diffusion method. In addition, the Minimal Innhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of parenteral preparations for these two bacteria were determined.
Pheniramine maleate-topical and pheniramine maleate-systemic had no activity against bacteria, but the others showed various rates of activity. Chlorophenoxamine hydrochloride-topical and chlorophenoxamine hydrochloride-systemic were the most effective (P < 0.05). Despite the same active substrate content, diphenhydramine hydrochloride-topical-1 and diphenhydramine hydrochloride-topical-2 yielded different results when they were compared with each other or with the other preparations. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride-topical-2 had a relatively higher rate of activity than diphenhydramine hydrochloride-topical-1. Inhibition zone diameters were 16.9+/-1.5 mm 12.3+/-0.5 mm for S .aureus, 17.4+/-1.0 mm 0 mm for S .epidermidis respectively (P < 0.05). MIC values of parenteral preparations were equal to or above 125 ?g/ml.
MIC values of parenteral preparations were higher than their blood levels in clinical use. Thus, effects of parenteral preparations may not have been reflected in routine clinical practice. However, topical forms have antibacterial activity due to additive substrates and the use of high concentration levels at the site of application. Therefore, in selection of topical forms for appropriate cases, these effects should also be taken into consideration. The antibacterial activity of topical antihistaminic preparations may be useful in certain dermatological pathology.
评估含有不同活性底物的局部和全身抗组胺制剂对两种细菌标准菌株的体外抗菌活性。
研究了四种含马来酸氯苯那敏、盐酸氯苯氧胺和盐酸苯海拉明的局部制剂和三种全身制剂。采用纸片扩散法测试这些制剂对金黄色葡萄球菌（美国典型培养物保藏中心，ATCC 29213）和表皮葡萄球菌（ATCC 25212）菌株的抗菌活性。此外，还测定了这两种细菌的肠胃外制剂的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。
马来酸氯苯那敏局部制剂和马来酸氯苯那敏全身制剂对细菌无活性，但其他制剂表现出不同的活性率。盐酸氯苯氧胺局部制剂和盐酸氯苯氧胺全身制剂最有效（P < 0.05）。尽管活性底物含量相同，但盐酸苯海拉明局部制剂-1和盐酸苯海拉明局部制剂-2相互比较或与其他制剂比较时结果不同。盐酸苯海拉明局部制剂-2的活性率相对高于盐酸苯海拉明局部制剂-1。金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径分别为16.9±1.5毫米和12.3±0.5毫米，表皮葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径分别为17.4±1.0毫米和0毫米（P < 0.05）。肠胃外制剂的MIC值等于或高于125微克/毫升。
肠胃外制剂的MIC值高于其临床使用时的血药浓度。因此，肠胃外制剂的效果可能在常规临床实践中未得到体现。然而，局部剂型由于添加底物以及在应用部位使用高浓度水平而具有抗菌活性。因此，在为适当病例选择局部剂型时，也应考虑这些作用。局部抗组胺制剂的抗菌活性在某些皮肤病病理学中可能有用。
