Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2010 Mar;105(3):198-212. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2009.11.001. Epub 2009 Dec 14.
Labels have been shown to play an important role in inductive generalization; however, the mechanism by which labels contribute to generalization early in development remains unclear. We investigated two factors that may influence the inductive potential of labels: semantic similarity and co-occurrence probability. Results suggested that adults and 6-year-olds rely on semantic similarity of labels and that their generalizations are not affected by co-occurrence probability. Specifically, generalization patterns were qualitatively similar for co-occurring semantically similar labels (e.g., bunny-rabbit) and non-co-occurring semantically similar labels (e.g., rock-stone) in 6-year-olds and adults. Unlike 6-year-olds and adults, 4-year-olds were likely to generalize co-occurring labels but not non-co-occurring labels. Possible mechanisms by which co-occurrence probability may influence label generalization in young children are discussed.
标签在归纳推广中起着重要的作用；然而，标签在发展早期对推广的贡献机制尚不清楚。我们研究了可能影响标签归纳潜力的两个因素：语义相似性和共现概率。结果表明，成年人和 6 岁儿童依赖标签的语义相似性，并且他们的推广不受共现概率的影响。具体来说，6 岁儿童和成年人的共同出现语义相似标签（例如，兔子-兔子）和非共同出现语义相似标签（例如，岩石-石头）的推广模式在质上是相似的。与 6 岁儿童和成年人不同，4 岁儿童更有可能推广共同出现的标签，而不是非共同出现的标签。讨论了共现概率如何影响幼儿标签推广的可能机制。
