Inserm, U646, University Angers, UMR-S646, Angers, F49100 France.
Biomaterials. 2010 Mar;31(8):2105-20. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.11.084. Epub 2009 Dec 14.
No long term effective treatments are currently available for brain neurological disorders such as stroke/cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders. Cell therapy is a promising strategy, although alternatives to embryonic/foetal cells are required to overcome ethical, tissue availability and graft rejection concerns. Adult cells may be easily isolated from the patient body, therefore permitting autologous grafts to be performed. Here, we describe the use of adult neural stem cells, adrenal chromaffin cells and retinal pigment epithelium cells for brain therapy, with a special emphasis on mesenchymal stromal cells. However, major problems like cell survival, control of differentiation and engraftment remain and may be overcome using a tissue engineering strategy, which provides a 3D support to grafted cells improving their survival. New developments, such as the biomimetic approach which combines the use of scaffolds with extracellular matrix molecules, may improve the control of cell proliferation, survival, migration, differentiation and engraftment in vivo. Therefore, we later discuss scaffold properties required for brain cell therapy as well as new tissue engineering advances that may be implemented in combination with adult cells for brain therapy. Finally, we describe an approach developed in our laboratory to repair/protect lesioned tissues: the pharmacologically active microcarriers.
目前，针对脑神经系统疾病（如中风/脑缺血、创伤性脑损伤和神经退行性疾病）尚无长期有效的治疗方法。细胞疗法是一种很有前途的策略，尽管需要替代胚胎/胎儿细胞，以克服伦理、组织可用性和移植物排斥等问题。成年细胞可以很容易地从患者体内分离出来，因此可以进行自体移植。在这里，我们描述了使用成年神经干细胞、肾上腺嗜铬细胞和视网膜色素上皮细胞进行脑治疗，特别强调了间充质基质细胞。然而，仍然存在一些主要问题，如细胞存活、分化控制和植入，这些问题可以通过组织工程策略来克服，该策略为移植细胞提供了 3D 支持，从而提高了它们的存活率。新的发展，如仿生方法，结合使用支架和细胞外基质分子，可以改善体内细胞增殖、存活、迁移、分化和植入的控制。因此，我们后来讨论了用于脑细胞治疗的支架特性，以及可能与成年细胞结合用于脑治疗的新组织工程进展。最后，我们描述了我们实验室开发的一种修复/保护受损组织的方法：具有药理活性的微载体。
