Kumada Takatsune
Institute for Human Science and Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
Vision Res. 2010 Jun 25;50(14):1402-13. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2009.12.002. Epub 2009 Dec 16.
Four experiments investigated after-effects of attentional capture by a target-feature singleton distractor. In Experiments 1 and 3, participants searched for an orientation singleton target in a visual display and responded to a reported-attribute in the target (a compound search task). On some trials, a singleton distractor with the same orientation as, but a different color from, the target occurred. In the singleton distractor-absent trials reaction times for targets were unchanged irrespective of the number of nontargets. However, on singleton distractor-present trials, target reaction times increased with number of displayed nontargets. Ignoring target-feature singleton distractors induced inefficient visual searches slowed target search, suggesting that targets were searched serially in the presence of a singleton distractor induces inefficient serial search. This result implies that the search order, corresponding to relative item salience, is lost following attentional capture by a singleton distractor. Subsequent experiments explored conditions that might elicit the search order lost effect. It did not occur when task-irrelevant singleton distractors occurred in a compound search task (Experiment 2) or when target-feature (Experiment 4) singleton distractors occurred in a simple target detection task. Together, results suggest that the search order lost effect is mediated by dynamic computations involving saliency and feature maps. An explanation of this effect is proposed.
四项实验研究了目标特征单一干扰项对注意力捕捉的后效。在实验1和实验3中，参与者在视觉显示中搜索一个方向单一的目标，并对目标中的一个报告属性做出反应（复合搜索任务）。在一些试验中，会出现一个与目标方向相同但颜色不同的单一干扰项。在没有单一干扰项的试验中，无论非目标的数量如何，目标的反应时间都没有变化。然而，在有单一干扰项的试验中，目标反应时间随着显示的非目标数量的增加而增加。忽略目标特征单一干扰项会导致低效的视觉搜索，减缓目标搜索速度，这表明在存在单一干扰项的情况下，目标是串行搜索的，从而导致低效的串行搜索。这一结果意味着，在被单一干扰项吸引注意力后，与相对项目显著性相对应的搜索顺序就会丢失。后续实验探索了可能引发搜索顺序丢失效应的条件。当任务无关的单一干扰项出现在复合搜索任务中（实验2），或者当目标特征单一干扰项出现在简单目标检测任务中时（实验4），这种效应并未出现。综合来看，结果表明搜索顺序丢失效应是由涉及显著性和特征图的动态计算介导的。本文提出了对此效应的一种解释。
