Brown Susan
University of Aberdeen, UK.
Vesalius. 2009 Jun;15(1):26-31.
Throughout the last century the wellbeing of those with disability has been threatened by the idea of eugenics. The most notable and extreme example of this could be considered to have been carried out during World WarTwo, within Nazi eugenic programmes. These resulted in the sterilisation and killing of hundreds of thousands of disabled people. Through research of a wide range of sources it has been established that much of the inspiration and encouragement for this rapidly progressing movement in Germany initially came from America, most notably from California. American eugenicists expressed interest, and at times jealousy, at the speed of the progression in German eugenics. German Sterilisation laws were drafted following careful study of American experiments and research, while financial support from a number of American individuals encouraged further German research. Correspondence between influential leaders, including Hitler, Grant and Whitney, Verschuer and Popenoe, on both sides also added to the developing relationship. In conclusion, although there are a number of vital differences between the progress of the eugenics programme in America and in pre-war Nazi Germany, and eugenics in America never produced the massive genocide that occurred in Germany, it is clear that the research, encouragement and enthusiasm from America had a profound influence on the rapidly growing Nazi eugenics movement.
在整个上个世纪,残疾人的福祉一直受到优生学观念的威胁。其中最显著、最极端的例子可能要数二战期间纳粹的优生计划。这些计划导致了数十万残疾人被绝育和杀害。通过对大量资料的研究发现,德国这场迅速发展的运动的许多灵感和鼓励最初都来自美国,尤其是加利福尼亚。美国优生学家对德国优生学的发展速度表现出兴趣,有时还带有嫉妒。德国的绝育法是在仔细研究美国的实验和研究后起草的,一些美国个人的经济支持也鼓励了德国的进一步研究。包括希特勒、格兰特和惠特尼、弗尔绍尔和波普诺在内的双方有影响力的领导人之间的通信也增进了这种发展中的关系。总之,尽管美国优生学计划的进展与战前纳粹德国的优生学有许多重大差异,而且美国的优生学从未导致德国那样大规模的种族灭绝,但很明显,来自美国的研究、鼓励和热情对迅速发展的纳粹优生运动产生了深远影响。