Shwarts V
Kardiologiia. 2009;49(12):80-6.
Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ secreting more than 30 various adipokines which regulate wide spectrum of metabolic and immune processes. Obesity is associated with development of adipose tissue inflammation. This inflammation is characterized by infiltration with macrophages, alterations of adipokine secretion, development of insulin resistance. All these factors promote atherosclerosis. Inflammation of perivascular adipose tissue is especially important. Adipokines damage vascular endothelium via paracrine pathway. Cytokines released by macrophages as well as changes of adipokine secretion lead to endothelial dysfunction - the first stage of atherogenesis. Besides specific action curative factors used in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus also produce anti-inflammatory effect and thus diminish risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, rate of their development, and alleviate manifestations of atherosclerosis. Inflammation of adipose tissue is a connecting link between obesity and atherosclerosis. This review contains an outline of roles of various major adipokines in development of atherosclerosis as well as synopsis of anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic effects of glytazones , metformin, rimonabant, statins, and of lowering of body weight.
脂肪组织是一个内分泌器官，可分泌30多种不同的脂肪因子，这些因子调节着广泛的代谢和免疫过程。肥胖与脂肪组织炎症的发展有关。这种炎症的特征是巨噬细胞浸润、脂肪因子分泌改变以及胰岛素抵抗的发展。所有这些因素都会促进动脉粥样硬化。血管周围脂肪组织的炎症尤为重要。脂肪因子通过旁分泌途径损害血管内皮。巨噬细胞释放的细胞因子以及脂肪因子分泌的变化会导致内皮功能障碍——动脉粥样硬化的第一阶段。除了用于肥胖症、代谢综合征和糖尿病的特定作用治疗因子外，它们还具有抗炎作用，从而降低心血管疾病的危险因素、减缓其发展速度并减轻动脉粥样硬化的表现。脂肪组织炎症是肥胖与动脉粥样硬化之间的联系环节。本综述概述了各种主要脂肪因子在动脉粥样硬化发展中的作用，以及格列酮类、二甲双胍、利莫那班、他汀类药物的抗炎和抗动脉粥样硬化作用以及体重减轻情况。
