Kumar G V Prasanna, Dewangan K N, Sarkar Amaresh
North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli - 791 109, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2008 Apr;12(1):23-8. doi: 10.4103/0019-5278.40812.
Noise of machines in various agro-based industries was found to be the major occupational hazard for the workers of industries. The predominant noise sources need to be identified and the causes of high noise need to be studied to undertake the appropriate measures to reduce the noise level in one of the major agro-based industries, oil mills.
To identify the predominant noise sources in the workrooms of oil mills. To study the causes of noise in oil mills. To measure the extent of noise exposure of oil mill workers. To examine the response of workers towards noise, so that appropriate measures can be undertaken to minimize the noise exposure.
A noise survey was conducted in the three renowned oil mills of north-eastern region of India.
Information like output capacity, size of power source, maintenance condition of the machines and workroom configurations of the oil mills was collected by personal observations and enquiry with the owner of the mill. Using a Sound Level Meter (SLM) (Model-824, Larson and Davis, USA), equivalent SPL was measured at operator's ear level in the working zone of the workers near each machine of the mills. In order to study the variation of SPL in the workrooms of the oil mill throughout its operation, equivalent SPL was measured at two appropriate locations of working zone of the workers in each mill. For conducting the noise survey, the guidelines of Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS) were followed. Grid points were marked on the floor of the workroom of the oil mill at a spacing of 1 m x 1 m. SPL at grid points were measured at about 1.5 m above the floor. The direction of the SLM was towards the nearby noisy source. To increase accuracy, two replications were taken at each grid point. All the data were recorded for 30 sec. At the end of the experiment, data were downloaded to a personal computer. With the help of utility software of Larson and Davis, USA, equivalent SPL and noise spectrum at each reading was obtained. Noise survey map of equivalent SPL was drawn for each oil mill by drawing contour lines on the sketch of the oil mill between the points of equal SPL. The floor area in the oil mill where SPL exceeded 85 dBA was identified from the noise survey map of each oil mill to determine the causes of high level of noise. Subjective assessment was done during the rest period of workers and it was assessed with personal interview with each worker separately. Demographic information, nature of work, working hours, rest period, experience of working in the mill, degree of noise annoyance, activity interference, and psychological and physiological effects of machine noise on the worker were asked during the interview. These details were noted in a structured form.
Nil.
The noise survey conducted in three renowned oil mills of north-eastern region of India revealed that about 26% of the total workers were exposed to noise level of more than 85 dBA. Further, 10% to 30% floor areas of workrooms, where oil expellers are provided have the SPL of more than 85 dBA. The noise in the oil mills was dominated by low frequency noise. The predominant noise sources in the oil mills were seed cleaner and power transmission system to oil expellers. Poor maintenance of machines and use of bamboo stick to prevent the fall of belt from misaligned pulleys were the main reason of high noise. Noise emitted by the electric motor, table ghani and oil expellers in all the oil mills was well within 85 dBA. Subjective response indicated that about 63% of the total workers felt that noise interfered with their conversation. About 16% each were of the opinion that noise interfered in their work and harmed their hearing. About 5% of workers stated that the workroom noise gave them headaches.
The workers engaged in the workrooms of the oil mills are exposed to high noise, which will have detrimental effect on their health. The poor maintenance of drive system was found to be the main reason for high noise level.
在各类以农产品为基础的工业中，机器噪音被发现是产业工人面临的主要职业危害。需要确定主要噪音源，并研究高噪音产生的原因，以便采取适当措施降低主要以农产品为基础的工业之一——榨油厂的噪音水平。
确定榨油厂车间内的主要噪音源。研究榨油厂噪音产生的原因。测量榨油厂工人的噪音暴露程度。检查工人对噪音的反应，以便采取适当措施尽量减少噪音暴露。
在印度东北地区的三家知名榨油厂进行了噪音调查。
通过个人观察以及向榨油厂老板询问，收集了榨油厂的产量、动力源大小、机器维护状况和车间布局等信息。使用声级计（型号824，美国拉森和戴维斯公司），在各榨油厂每台机器附近工人工作区域的操作人员耳部高度测量等效声压级。为研究榨油厂车间在整个运行过程中声压级的变化，在每个榨油厂工人工作区域的两个合适位置测量等效声压级。进行噪音调查时遵循了加拿大职业健康与安全中心（CCOHS）的指导方针。在榨油厂车间地面以1米×1米的间距标记网格点。在离地面约1.5米处测量网格点的声压级。声级计的方向朝向附近的噪音源。为提高准确性，在每个网格点进行两次测量。所有数据记录30秒。实验结束后，将数据下载到个人电脑。借助美国拉森和戴维斯公司的实用软件，获取每次读数的等效声压级和噪声频谱。通过在榨油厂草图上绘制等声压级点之间的等高线，为每个榨油厂绘制等效声压级的噪音调查图。从每个榨油厂的噪音调查图中确定榨油厂内声压级超过85分贝的区域，以确定高噪音产生的原因。在工人休息期间进行主观评估，通过分别与每位工人进行个人访谈来进行评估。访谈中询问了人口统计学信息、工作性质、工作时间、休息时间、在该厂的工作经验、噪音烦恼程度、活动干扰以及机器噪音对工人的心理和生理影响。这些细节以结构化形式记录。
无。
在印度东北地区的三家知名榨油厂进行的噪音调查显示，约26%的工人暴露于超过85分贝的噪音水平。此外，配备榨油机的车间有10%至30%的地面区域声压级超过85分贝。榨油厂的噪音以低频噪音为主。榨油厂的主要噪音源是种子清理机和榨油机的动力传输系统。机器维护不善以及使用竹棍防止皮带从错位皮带轮上掉落是高噪音的主要原因。所有榨油厂中电动机、台式榨油机和榨油机发出的噪音均远低于85分贝。主观反应表明，约63%的工人认为噪音干扰了他们的交谈。各有约16%的工人认为噪音干扰了他们的工作并损害了他们的听力。约5%的工人表示车间噪音让他们头疼。
在榨油厂车间工作的工人暴露于高噪音环境中，这将对他们的健康产生不利影响。驱动系统维护不善被发现是高噪音水平的主要原因。
