Zahr Natalie M, Sullivan Edith V
Natalie M. Zahr, Ph.D., is a postdoctoral fellow at SRI International, Menlo Park, California, and a research scientist with professor Edith V. Sullivan, Ph.D., who is a professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
Alcohol Res Health. 2008;31(3):215-30.
Human studies are necessary to identify and classify the brain systems predisposing individuals to develop alcohol use disorders and those modified by alcohol, while animal models of alcoholism are essential for a mechanistic understanding of how chronic voluntary alcohol consumption becomes compulsive, how brain systems become damaged, and how damage resolves. Our current knowledge of the neuroscience of alcohol dependence has evolved from the interchange of information gathered from both human alcoholics and animal models of alcoholism. Together, studies in humans and animal models have provided support for the involvement of specific brain structures over the course of alcohol addiction, including the prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum, amygdala, hippocampus, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
人体研究对于识别和分类那些使个体易患酒精使用障碍的大脑系统以及那些受酒精影响而改变的大脑系统是必要的,而酒精中毒的动物模型对于从机制上理解慢性自愿饮酒如何变得成瘾、大脑系统如何受损以及损伤如何修复至关重要。我们目前对酒精依赖神经科学的认识是从人类酗酒者和酒精中毒动物模型收集的信息交流中发展而来的。人类和动物模型的研究共同为特定脑结构在酒精成瘾过程中的参与提供了支持,这些脑结构包括前额叶皮层、基底神经节、小脑、杏仁核、海马体以及下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺轴。