Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2009 Sep;4(5):418-25. doi: 10.1097/COH.0b013e32832f011e.
This review summarizes current and novel virologic reagents employed for the development and application of in-vitro assays that assess neutralizing activity of antibodies against HIV-1. Characteristics of several virologic approaches are placed in context with various cellular targets and assay read-outs intended to determine potency and breadth of neutralization in patient cohorts and clinical vaccine trials.
New molecular virologic reagents developed for in-vitro primary cell-based assays promise to facilitate rigorous and standardized assessment of anti-HIV-1-neutralizing antibody responses elicited by vaccine immunogens.
Comprehensive assessment of anti-HIV-1 antibody potency and breadth is essential for evaluating vaccine immunogens, the advancement of vaccine candidates into clinical trials, and ultimately the development of effective vaccine strategies. Env-pseudovirion and recombinant reporter cell line neutralization assays are important tools for rapid and standardized measurement of neutralizing antibody activity. However, recent studies indicate that reporter cell lines fail to detect neutralization activity of certain antibodies observed when analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and may yield results on neutralizing antibody breadth that are discordant with peripheral blood mononuclear cell assays. Importantly, it remains unknown whether current in-vitro assays may be predictive of a protective neutralizing antibody response elicited by vaccine immunogens. This situation underscores the significance of standardizing existing, complementary methods as well as developing new assay concepts that assess neutralization in primary cells. Thus, this chapter focuses on new virologic reagents that promise to facilitate reaching this goal.
本文总结了目前用于开发和应用评估 HIV-1 抗体中和活性的体外检测方法的新型病毒学试剂。本文将几种病毒学方法的特点与不同的细胞靶标和检测结果结合起来，旨在确定患者群体和临床疫苗试验中中和作用的效力和广度。
为基于原代细胞的体外检测方法开发的新型分子病毒学试剂有望促进对疫苗免疫原诱导的抗 HIV-1 中和抗体反应的严格和标准化评估。
全面评估抗 HIV-1 抗体的效力和广度对于评估疫苗免疫原、推进候选疫苗进入临床试验以及最终开发有效的疫苗策略至关重要。Env-假病毒和重组报告细胞系中和检测是快速标准化测量中和抗体活性的重要工具。然而，最近的研究表明，报告细胞系无法检测到在外周血单核细胞中分析时观察到的某些抗体的中和活性，并且可能在外周血单核细胞检测中产生与中和抗体广度不一致的结果。重要的是，目前尚不清楚体外检测方法是否可以预测疫苗免疫原诱导的保护性中和抗体反应。这种情况突显了标准化现有互补方法以及开发评估原代细胞中中和作用的新检测概念的重要性。因此，本章重点介绍有望实现这一目标的新型病毒学试剂。
